Release 2.3.1

New data from yoyo.org, KADhosts, someonewhocares.org, and CoinBlockerList.
Release 2.3.0
2026-11-13 22:28:21 +00:00 · 2019-02-06 10:29:55 -05:00 · 2019-02-06 10:29:32 -05:00 · 2019-01-29 20:07:57 -05:00 · 2019-01-29 20:06:00 -05:00 · 2019-01-29 20:03:25 -05:00
96 changed files with 858546 additions and 16170 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+root = true
+
+[*.py]
+indent_style = space
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = LF
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false
+insert_final_newline = true
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Configuration for welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/welcome
+
+# Configuration for new-issue-welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/new-issue-welcome
+
+# Comment to be posted to on first time issues
+newIssueWelcomeComment: >
+  Hello!  Thank you for opening your first issue in this repo.  It’s people like you who make these host files better!
+
+# Configuration for new-pr-welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/new-pr-welcome
+
+# Comment to be posted to on PRs from first time contributors in your repository
+newPRWelcomeComment: >
+  Thank you for submitting this pull request! We’ll get back to you as soon as we can!
+
+# Configuration for first-pr-merge - https://github.com/behaviorbot/first-pr-merge
+
+# Comment to be posted to on pull requests merged by a first time user
+firstPRMergeComment: >
+  Congratulations on merging your first pull request! 🎉🎉🎉
+
+# It is recommend to include as many gifs and emojis as possible!
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+.idea
+*.iml
+myhosts
+blacklist
+whitelist
+readmeData.json
+hosts-*
+/web.config
+/__pycache__
+/node_modules
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "src": {
+    "tagName": "v%s",
+    "commitArgs": "-S",
+    "tagArgs": "-S"
+  },
+  "github": {
+    "release": true
+  },
+  "npm": {
+    "publish": false,
+    "publishPath": ".",
+    "tag": "latest",
+    "private": false,
+    "access": null
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+notifications:
+  email: false
+
+language: generic
+
+sudo: false
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/miniconda3
+
+before_cache:
+  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/pkgs/cache
+  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts
+
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+
+env:
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.5"
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.6"
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.7"
+
+before_install:
+  - export PATH="$HOME/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
+
+install:
+  - ci/install_conda.sh
+  - ci/setup_conda_env.sh
+
+script:
+  - ci/test.sh
+  - ci/lint.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    "python.pythonPath": "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 53,872 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) containing 52,396 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) containing 43,583 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) containing 42,106 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) containing 51,606 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) containing 50,130 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) containing 41,317 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) containing 39,840 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 53,203 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) containing 51,727 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) containing 42,914 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 41,437 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) containing 50,937 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) containing 49,461 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) containing 40,648 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# blacklist
+#
+# The contents of this file (containing a listing of additional domains in
+# 'hosts' file format) are appended to the unified hosts file during the
+# update process. For example, uncomment the following line to block
+# 'example.com':
+
+# 0.0.0.0 example.com
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -d "$HOME/miniconda3" ] && [ -e "$HOME/miniconda3/bin/conda" ]; then
+    echo "Miniconda install already present from cache: $HOME/miniconda3"
+    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts  # Just in case...
+else
+    echo "Installing Miniconda..."
+    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3  # Just in case...
+
+    if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]; then
+        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
+    else
+        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
+    fi
+
+    bash miniconda.sh -b -p "$HOME/miniconda3" || exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Configuring Miniconda..."
+conda config --set ssl_verify false || exit 1
+conda config --set always_yes true --set changeps1 false || exit 1
+
+echo "Updating Miniconda"
+conda update conda
+conda update --all
+conda info -a || exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Linting repository..."
+source activate hosts
+
+flake8 --max-line-length 120
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Creating a Python $PYTHON_VERSION environment"
+conda create -n hosts python=$PYTHON_VERSION || exit 1
+source activate hosts
+
+echo "Installing packages..."
+conda install flake8 beautifulsoup4 lxml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Running unittests..."
+source activate hosts
+
+python testUpdateHostsFile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts",
+    "description": "Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts",
+    "frequency": "weekly",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts",
+    "license": "'non-commercial with attribution'"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "CoinBlocker",
+    "description": "Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications",
+    "homeurl": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues",
+    "url": "https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser",
+    "license": "GPLv3"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "KADhosts",
+    "description": "Fraud/adware/scam websites.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt",
+    "license": "GPLv3"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,978 @@
+#=====================================
+# Hosts contributed by Steven Black
+# http://stevenblack.com
+0.0.0.0 1493361689.rsc.cdn77.org
+0.0.0.0 30-day-change.com
+0.0.0.0 2468.go2cloud.org
+0.0.0.0 adservice.google.nl
+0.0.0.0 analytics.ff.avast.com
+0.0.0.0 adsmws.cloudapp.net
+0.0.0.0 androidads23.adcolony.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.publitas.com
+0.0.0.0 annualconsumersurvey.com
+0.0.0.0 amarktflow.com
+0.0.0.0 apps.id.net
+0.0.0.0 breaksurvey.com
+0.0.0.0 data.cnn.com
+0.0.0.0 canuck-method.com
+0.0.0.0 consumerproductsusa.com
+0.0.0.0 ceromobi.club
+0.0.0.0 com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 www.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 apple.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 www.apple.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 support.apple.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 www.support.apple.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 darkpage.win
+0.0.0.0 dobre-programy.pl
+0.0.0.0 dobre-programy.xyz
+0.0.0.0 dobreprogramy.pro
+0.0.0.0 www.canuck-method.com
+0.0.0.0 com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 www.com-notice.info
+0.0.0.0 largeloot.com
+0.0.0.0 letitbefaster.website
+0.0.0.0 login.dotomi.com
+0.0.0.0 login.dotomi.net
+0.0.0.0 external.stealthedeal.com
+0.0.0.0 goodblock.gladly.io
+0.0.0.0 jackbootedroom.com ## phishing
+0.0.0.0 mackeeperapp.zeobit.com
+0.0.0.0 montrealgazette.stats.com
+0.0.0.0 fgoogle.com # misspelling
+0.0.0.0 hosted.stats.com
+0.0.0.0 hosted.stats.com.edgesuite.net
+0.0.0.0 howupdateworks.amazingupdates4youtoday.website
+0.0.0.0 mysterysnooper.com
+0.0.0.0 mywot.com
+0.0.0.0 mywot.net
+0.0.0.0 onlineusagesurveys.com
+0.0.0.0 open.oneplus.net
+0.0.0.0 promotions.yourfirstmillion.biz
+0.0.0.0 quickcash-system.com
+0.0.0.0 save-your-pc.info
+0.0.0.0 sportsinteraction.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sportsinteraction.com
+0.0.0.0 embed.sendtonews.com
+0.0.0.0 performanceadexchange.com
+0.0.0.0 www.performanceadexchange.com
+0.0.0.0 privacyassistant.net
+0.0.0.0 ext.privacyassistant.net
+0.0.0.0 pussysaga.com
+0.0.0.0 www.pussysaga.com
+0.0.0.0 promotion.com-rewards.club
+0.0.0.0 rereddit.com
+0.0.0.0 s.zkcdn.net
+0.0.0.0 sixstitch.win
+0.0.0.0 specialsections.siteseer.ca
+0.0.0.0 stealthedeal.com
+0.0.0.0 tags.news.com.au  # thanks, @ValbonneConsulting
+0.0.0.0 torrenty-org.pl
+0.0.0.0 tracking.lenzmx.com
+0.0.0.0 twitter.cm    # common misspelling
+0.0.0.0 ttwitter.com    # common misspelling and, besides, scumbags there.
+0.0.0.0 vdtrack.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vdtrack.com
+0.0.0.0 virtual.thewhig.com
+0.0.0.0 www.dobre-programy.pl
+0.0.0.0 www.quickcash-system.com
+0.0.0.0 www.diptanuinfo.co.cc
+0.0.0.0 www.mywot.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mywot.net
+0.0.0.0 www.torrenty-org.pl
+0.0.0.0 urldelivery.com
+0.0.0.0 www.urldelivery.com
+0.0.0.0 files.ctnet4.space
+0.0.0.0 apps3.cointraffic.io
+0.0.0.0 metrics.brightcove.com
+0.0.0.0 ping.chartbeat.net
+0.0.0.0 www.tvpassport.com
+0.0.0.0 www.googletagservices.com
+0.0.0.0 www.googletagmanager.com
+0.0.0.0 postmediamontrealgazette2.files.wordpress.com
+0.0.0.0 ping.chartbeat.net
+0.0.0.0 tvmds.tvpassport.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.wp.com
+0.0.0.0 4436230.fls.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 aoredi.com
+0.0.0.0 imysurvey.com
+0.0.0.0 gamblerush.com
+0.0.0.0 security-check-551.com
+0.0.0.0 www.cpm20.com
+0.0.0.0 btds.artplay.info
+0.0.0.0 www.aoredi.com
+0.0.0.0 www.imysurvey.com
+0.0.0.0 www.gamblerush.com
+0.0.0.0 www.security-check-551.com
+0.0.0.0 www.www.cpm20.com
+0.0.0.0 www.btds.artplay.info
+0.0.0.0 videoplayer.vice.technology
+0.0.0.0 bacr.com.pk
+0.0.0.0 pakistanelevators.pk
+0.0.0.0 www.bidgear.com
+0.0.0.0 bidgear.com
+0.0.0.0 platform.bidgear.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.bidgear.com
+0.0.0.0 track.adtrue.com
+0.0.0.0 media.complex.com
+0.0.0.0 api.b2c.com
+
+# Analytics
+0.0.0.0 analysis.polarisoffice.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics-digit-in.cdn.ampproject.org
+0.0.0.0 analytics.cloudron.io
+0.0.0.0 analytics.colacoweb.net
+0.0.0.0 analytics.digit.in
+0.0.0.0 analytics.jabong.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.lk.api.ditto.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.logsss.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.mailmunch.co
+0.0.0.0 analytics.mopub.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.mytvzion.pro
+0.0.0.0 analytics.phando.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.picsart.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.poolshool.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.posttv.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.siliconexpert.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.thevideo.me
+0.0.0.0 analyticsapi.bsbportal.com
+0.0.0.0 anayltics.kuikr.com
+0.0.0.0 zarget.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.zarget.com
+0.0.0.0 www.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 abclipper-ui1.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr10.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr11.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr12.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr13.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr14.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr15.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr16.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr17.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr18.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr19.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr2.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr20.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr21.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr22.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr23.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr25.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr26.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr27.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr28.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr29.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr3.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr30.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr31.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr32.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr33.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr34.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr35.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr36.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr37.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr39.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr4.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr40.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr41.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr42.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr43.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr44.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr45.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr46.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr47.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr49.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr5.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr51.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr52.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr53.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr54.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr55.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr56.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr58.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr59.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr6.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr7.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr8.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acr9.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 acrdb.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 ads.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 api.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.api.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 assets.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 bale.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 beacon.statful.com
+0.0.0.0 bebe.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 beckham.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 best.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 blog.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 bwlkup.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 clockskew.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 cruyff.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 dashboards.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 degea.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 dembele.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 demo.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 dimaria.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 donovan.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 honolulu.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 insights.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 koudas.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 mahrez.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 neymar.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 optout.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 oscar.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 ozil.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 pele.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 pp.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 ppjs.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 prov.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 proxy.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 rtbdev4.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 rtblbtr.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 s4udash2.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 silva.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 socrates.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 sterling.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 tn.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 tr.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 tvads.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 vanpersie.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 villa.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 web2.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 yashin.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 zico.alphonso.tv
+0.0.0.0 alog.umengcloud.com
+0.0.0.0 alog.umeng.co
+0.0.0.0 alog.umeng.com
+0.0.0.0 ampmetrics.techcrunch.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.pokki.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics-static.ugc.bazaarvoice.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.rayjump.com
+0.0.0.0 batchlogging4.truecaller.com
+0.0.0.0 client-analytics.braintreegateway.com
+0.0.0.0 device-api.urbanairship.com
+0.0.0.0 device-metrics-us-2.amazon.com
+0.0.0.0 gjapplog.uc.cn
+0.0.0.0 insight.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 log.snapdeal.com
+0.0.0.0 log.getdropbox.com
+0.0.0.0 log.apk.v-mate.mobi
+0.0.0.0 logger.cloudmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 logx.optimizely.com
+0.0.0.0 logitechlogitechglobal.112.2o7.net
+0.0.0.0 ma1310-r.analytics.edgekey.net
+0.0.0.0 ovc2-ustokyyneikyfasnm.stackpathdns.com
+0.0.0.0 securemetrics.apple.com
+0.0.0.0 smetrics.bestbuy.com
+0.0.0.0 srv.pixel.parsely.com
+0.0.0.0 sdkupgrade.insight.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 uop.umeng.com
+0.0.0.0 wc-tracking.lavasoft.com
+0.0.0.0 api.cloudmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 api.quantumgraph.com
+0.0.0.0 app.adjust.com
+0.0.0.0 dev.appboy.com
+0.0.0.0 go.ad1data.com
+0.0.0.0 manifest.localytics.com
+0.0.0.0 c2i-cdn.startappnetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 events.startappservice.com
+0.0.0.0 dts.startappservice.com
+0.0.0.0 imp.startappservice.com
+0.0.0.0 init.startappservice.com
+0.0.0.0 h-sdk.online-metrix.net
+0.0.0.0 profile.localytics.com
+0.0.0.0 req.startappservice.com
+0.0.0.0 ptrack.betaout.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hitcpm.com
+0.0.0.0 users.quantumgraph.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.i2w.io
+0.0.0.0 tracking-thirdparty.i2w.io
+0.0.0.0 events.redditmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 c.webengage.com
+0.0.0.0 prebid.adnxs.com
+0.0.0.0 gurgle.zdbb.net
+0.0.0.0 ns.zdbb.net
+0.0.0.0 284419414.log.optimizely.com
+0.0.0.0 mt.rtmark.net
+0.0.0.0 my.rtmark.net
+0.0.0.0 stats.jpush.cn
+0.0.0.0 rules.quantcount.com
+0.0.0.0 nexus.ensighten.com
+0.0.0.0 perf.mmstat.com
+0.0.0.0 pixel.nc0.co
+0.0.0.0 register.appsflyer.com
+0.0.0.0 4448269.fls.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 sstats.adobe.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.archive.org
+0.0.0.0 analytics-production.hapyak.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.247sports.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.bitrix.info
+0.0.0.0 analytics.htmedia.in
+0.0.0.0 analytics.icons8.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.myfinance.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.samdd.me
+0.0.0.0 analytics.swiggy.com
+0.0.0.0 lead.soperson.com
+0.0.0.0 yun-static.soperson.com
+0.0.0.0 www.soperson.com
+0.0.0.0 soperson.com
+0.0.0.0 talk99.cn
+0.0.0.0 www.talk99.cn
+
+# Ads and tracking on Xiaomi devices
+0.0.0.0 api.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 api.admob.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 api.d.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 a.stat.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 data.mistat.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 e.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 globalapi.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 new.api.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 sdkconfig.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 ssp.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 test.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 test.e.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 test.new.api.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 cc.sys.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 cc.sys.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 ccc.sys.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 ccc.sys.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 data.mistat.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 geofence.sys.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 abtest.mistat.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 data.mistat.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 abtest.mistat.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 zeus.ad.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 storeconfig.mistat.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 fcanr.tracking.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 api.ad.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 sdkconfig.ad.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 adv.sec.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 api.brs.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 api.collect.data.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 api.hybrid.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 api.sec.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 api.setting.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 authbe.sec.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 data.sec.intl.miui.com
+0.0.0.0 zeus.ad.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 www.api.ad.intl.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 sgp.o2o.api.xiaomi.com
+0.0.0.0 flash.sec.intl.miui.com
+
+# Ads
+0.0.0.0 ampmetrics.engadget.com
+0.0.0.0 c.adskeeper.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 datacollect.vmall.com
+0.0.0.0 events.appsflyer.com
+0.0.0.0 event.ksosoft.com
+0.0.0.0 events3.adcolony.com
+0.0.0.0 l2.visiblemeasures.com
+0.0.0.0 track.tenjin.io
+0.0.0.0 ustat.batmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 an.batmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 api.stats.appa.pe
+0.0.0.0 api5.batmobil.net
+0.0.0.0 applog.uc.cn
+0.0.0.0 applog.camera360.com
+0.0.0.0 device-metrics-us.amazon.com
+0.0.0.0 datacollect.vmall.com
+0.0.0.0 metrics.adage.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.feedly.com
+0.0.0.0 bi-collector.oneapm.com
+0.0.0.0 pixel.realclever.com
+0.0.0.0 sdktm.w.inmobi.com
+0.0.0.0 matchmyip.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.aerserv.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.mp.mydas.mobi
+0.0.0.0 ads.nexage.com
+0.0.0.0 api.oneaudience.com
+0.0.0.0 d.applovin.com
+0.0.0.0 l-v1.presage.io
+0.0.0.0 rt.applovin.com
+0.0.0.0 sdk.adincube.com
+0.0.0.0 api.pubnative.net
+0.0.0.0 sdklogs.avocarrot.com
+0.0.0.0 telemetry.layer.com
+0.0.0.0 dasdada.fu.ck
+0.0.0.0 i1.dl-ad.com
+0.0.0.0 pl-v2.presage.io
+0.0.0.0 pixel.onaudience.com
+0.0.0.0 ad.api.kaffnet.com
+0.0.0.0 ad.click.kaffnet.com
+0.0.0.0 api.ad.snappea.com
+0.0.0.0 ad.360in.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.adtekmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.chacomedia.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 adserver.ministryofads.com
+0.0.0.0 adsflame.com
+0.0.0.0 adtekmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 adv.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 adv.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 alliance4media.com
+0.0.0.0 api.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 api.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 banners.mediaparade.net
+0.0.0.0 bid.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 bid.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 bigsharkmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 blog.roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 buzzclicks.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.beginads.com
+0.0.0.0 click-rtb-useast.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 click.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 click.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 click.enatimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 click.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 clickopon.com
+0.0.0.0 clickrtb-useast.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 cvent.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 deshmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 dsp.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 ecommerce.roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 enatimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 exchange.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 indiaonclick.com
+0.0.0.0 jira.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 k5market.com
+0.0.0.0 kushat.roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 mediabarterexchange.com
+0.0.0.0 mediadirectx.com
+0.0.0.0 mediaparade.net
+0.0.0.0 oz.ministryofads.com
+0.0.0.0 plaimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 powertradeprofit.com
+0.0.0.0 promo.buzzclicks.com
+0.0.0.0 promo.enatimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 promo.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 pub.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 pub.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 publisherhub.plaimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 quark.plaimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 realestate2.deshmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 rotator.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 rotator.beginads.com
+0.0.0.0 rotator.buzzclicks.com
+0.0.0.0 rtb-useast.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 sebder.roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 service.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 sf-3.east.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 sf-3.st.adtekmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 sf3.east.kobenetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 sionicmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 spiegel-de.spiegel.de
+0.0.0.0 ssp.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 static.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 tracker.clickopon.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.beginads.com
+0.0.0.0 tradersbrokers.com
+0.0.0.0 us-east1.serve.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 us-east1.serve.enatimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ads2live.com
+0.0.0.0 www.adserver.ministryofads.com
+0.0.0.0 www.adsflame.com
+0.0.0.0 www.adtekmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.alliance4media.com
+0.0.0.0 www.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 www.banners.mediaparade.net
+0.0.0.0 www.beginads.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bigsharkmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.buzzclicks.com
+0.0.0.0 www.chacomedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.click.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.clickopon.com
+0.0.0.0 www.deshmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.enatimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.face2trade.com
+0.0.0.0 www.grandonmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.indiaonclick.com
+0.0.0.0 www.k5market.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mediabarterexchange.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mediadirectx.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mediaparade.net
+0.0.0.0 www.ministryofads.com
+0.0.0.0 www.plaimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.powertradeprofit.com
+0.0.0.0 www.roboinside.me
+0.0.0.0 www.rotator.buzzclicks.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sf-3.st.adtekmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sionicmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.static.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tradersbrokers.com
+0.0.0.0 www.us-east1.serve.elixmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 xml.plaimedia.com
+0.0.0.0 zamora.axiatraders.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.proc.cc
+0.0.0.0 asap.sharethrough.com
+0.0.0.0 15.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 convlatbmp.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 imprlatbmp.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 match.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 opps.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 taboola-d.openx.net
+0.0.0.0 vidutils.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 wf.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 graph.accountkit.com
+0.0.0.0 ma312-r.analytics.edgesuite.net
+0.0.0.0 wzrkt.com
+0.0.0.0 www.wzrkt.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn5.userzoom.com
+0.0.0.0 web.vortex.data.microsoft.com
+0.0.0.0 telecommand.telemetry.microsoft.com
+0.0.0.0 ads5.truecaller.com
+0.0.0.0 ae.gsecondscreen.com
+0.0.0.0 api.c.avazunativeads.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn-jp.gsecondscreen.com
+0.0.0.0 feedback.adrecover.com
+0.0.0.0 js34dc10.gamooga.com
+0.0.0.0 unconf.adkmob.com
+0.0.0.0 watson.telemetry.microsoft.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.bitmedianetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 adzerk.com
+0.0.0.0 orion.iad.appboy.com
+0.0.0.0 ploy.batmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.apsalar.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.moengage.com
+0.0.0.0 gtsdk.batmobi.net
+0.0.0.0 gum.criteo.com
+0.0.0.0 mads.at.atwola.com
+0.0.0.0 nativesdks.mparticle.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.tsyndicate.com
+0.0.0.0 in8.zog.link
+0.0.0.0 trafforsrv.com
+0.0.0.0 engine.bitmedianetwork.com
+0.0.0.0 wsdk-files.webengage.com
+0.0.0.0 newlimitedoffer.com
+0.0.0.0 t.newlimitedoffer.com
+0.0.0.0 pushedwebnews.com
+0.0.0.0 vamsoupowoa.com
+0.0.0.0 ads2.servebom.com
+0.0.0.0 api.eqmob.com
+0.0.0.0 onlineapi.youappi.com
+0.0.0.0 static.youappi.com
+0.0.0.0 ad.adapter.kaffnet.com
+0.0.0.0 kuikdelivery.com
+0.0.0.0 tripan.me
+0.0.0.0 d-and-h.com
+0.0.0.0 www.cosiloon.com
+0.0.0.0 cosiloon.com
+0.0.0.0 abc.cosiloon.com
+0.0.0.0 app.storage.yunvm.com
+0.0.0.0 abd.cosiloon.com
+0.0.0.0 pull-3045.kxcdn.com
+0.0.0.0 a.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 api.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 mktg.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 sitecdn.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 cdnjs.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 videos-bleepingcomputers-com.tvpagecdn.com
+0.0.0.0 stage.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 appcdn.tvpage.com
+0.0.0.0 ad.wynk.in
+
+# Block ads on Hotstar streaming app by @anudeepND
+0.0.0.0 app-measurement.com
+0.0.0.0 agl.hotstar.com
+0.0.0.0 adserver.adtech.de
+0.0.0.0 segment.hotstar.com
+0.0.0.0 service.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 cdn.segment.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.mxpnl.com
+0.0.0.0 js-agent.newrelic.com
+0.0.0.0 sb.scorecardresearch.com
+0.0.0.0 in-star.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 segment.hotstar.com
+0.0.0.0 js-agent.newrelic.com
+0.0.0.0 hotstar.worldgravity.com
+0.0.0.0 service.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 cdn.mxpnl.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.segment.com
+0.0.0.0 ssl.widgets.webengage.com
+0.0.0.0 ap-sonar.sociomantic.com
+0.0.0.0 chuknu.sokrati.com
+0.0.0.0 tag.hockeycurve.com
+0.0.0.0 agl-intl.hotstar.com
+0.0.0.0 sqm.telemetry.microsoft.com
+0.0.0.0 vortex-win.data.microsoft.com
+0.0.0.0 adservice.google.co.in
+0.0.0.0 apiv2.moengage.com
+0.0.0.0 settings.crashlytics.com
+0.0.0.0 logs.gaana.com
+0.0.0.0 apiv3.moengage.com
+0.0.0.0 e-ssl.apsalar.com
+0.0.0.0 ase.clmbtech.com
+0.0.0.0 api.moengage.com
+0.0.0.0 udm.scorecardresearch.com
+0.0.0.0 t.appsflyer.com
+0.0.0.0 stat-c.maxthon.com
+0.0.0.0 hotstar.pubnub.net
+0.0.0.0 in-starlive.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 cdn-settings.segment.com
+0.0.0.0 decide.mixpanel.com
+0.0.0.0 reports.crashlytics.com
+0.0.0.0 api.taplytics.com
+0.0.0.0 in-starlive-preroll.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 cdn.auditude.com
+0.0.0.0 ibeat.indiatimes.com
+0.0.0.0 static.clmbtech.com
+0.0.0.0 api.branch.io
+0.0.0.0 camsoda.com
+0.0.0.0 www.camsoda.com
+0.0.0.0 msmetrics.ws.sonos.com
+0.0.0.0 betpromo247.com
+0.0.0.0 fp-analytics.hotstar.com
+0.0.0.0 hb-analytics.hotstar.com
+
+
+# Block ads on Voot streaming app @anudeepND
+0.0.0.0 in-viacom18.videoplaza.tv
+0.0.0.0 dev.appboy.com
+0.0.0.0 register.appsflyer.com
+
+# UC apps telemetry
+0.0.0.0 adn.insight.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 convhkmp.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 feedback.uc.cn
+0.0.0.0 gj.applog.uc.cn
+0.0.0.0 gj.track.uc.cn
+0.0.0.0 gjtrack.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 imprhkmp.taboola.com
+0.0.0.0 in-gmtdmp.mookie1.com
+0.0.0.0 instory-log.ucnews.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 logserver.insight.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 click.union.ucweb.com
+0.0.0.0 sg.mmstat.com
+0.0.0.0 woodpecker.uc.cn
+
+# Emotet malware domains @anudeepND
+0.0.0.0 nikitinskysport.ru
+0.0.0.0 www.nikitinskysport.ru
+0.0.0.0 beauty-tea.com
+0.0.0.0 www.beauty-tea.com
+0.0.0.0 zekiatagur.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zekiatagur.com
+0.0.0.0 arkonziv.com
+0.0.0.0 www.arkonziv.com
+0.0.0.0 lecap-services.fr
+0.0.0.0 www.lecap-services.fr
+
+# Windows 10 'Connected User Experience' Telemetry
+# Connected User Experience and Diagnostic component endpoint for use with Windows 10, version 1803
+0.0.0.0 v10.events.data.microsoft.com
+# Connected User Experience and Diagnostic component endpoint for Windows 10, version 1709 or earlier
+0.0.0.0 v10.vortex-win.data.microsoft.com
+# Connected User Experience and Diagnostic component endpoint for operating systems older than Windows 10
+0.0.0.0 vortex-win.data.microsoft.com
+# Connected User Experience and Diagnostic component endpoint for use with Windows versions that have KB4458469 installed (Windows 10 1803 with the september 2018 update and higher)
+0.0.0.0 v10c.events.data.microsoft.com
+
+# Office 2016 'Connected User Experience' Telemetry
+# OneNote Telemetry Service
+0.0.0.0 mobile.pipe.aria.microsoft.com
+# Office Telemetry Upload Reporting – 'Heartbeart' and error events that occur on the client are uploaded to the telemetry service.
+0.0.0.0 nexus.officeapps.live.com
+# Office Rules Telemetry download – Informs the client about what data and events to upload to the telemetry service.
+0.0.0.0 nexusrules.officeapps.live.com
+# Telemetry and Reporting Service for Office apps
+0.0.0.0 telemetry.firstpartyapps.oaspapps.com
+# Telemetry Reporting
+0.0.0.0 browser.pipe.aria.microsoft.com
+
+# Spam domains
+# If your software is able, the below domains and all subdomains should be blocked
+0.0.0.0 angiemktg.com
+#*.angiemktg.com
+0.0.0.0 weconfirmyou.com
+#*.weconfirmyou.com
+0.0.0.0 cws.conviva.com
+#*.cws.conviva.com
+0.0.0.0 vrl.m.conviva.com
+0.0.0.0 zee.cws.conviva.com
+
+# These stink-up yahoo finance
+0.0.0.0 beap-bc.yahoo.com
+0.0.0.0 token.rubiconproject.com
+0.0.0.0 fc.yahoo.com
+0.0.0.0 pr-bh.ybp.yahoo.com
+
+# Error tracking and crash reporting
+0.0.0.0 rollbar.com
+0.0.0.0 www.rollbar.com
+0.0.0.0 api.rollbar.com
+
+0.0.0.0 ads.exoclick.com
+0.0.0.0 secure.exoclick.com
+0.0.0.0 syndication-evo.exoclick.com
+0.0.0.0 www.exoclick.com
+
+# ero-advertising
+0.0.0.0 0latfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 2baners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 2ds.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 2fbanners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 2fflatfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 2fspeedclicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 3ds.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 4anners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 9ata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 aata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 acspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad0.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad0.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad0.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad0.data2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad1.ads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad1.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad1.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad1.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad1.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad2.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad2.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad2.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad2.thumbs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad3.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad3.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad3.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad3.fpa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad4.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad4.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad4.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad4.layerads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad4.thumbs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad5.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad5.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad5.fpa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad6.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad6.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad7.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad7.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad7.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad7.thumbs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad8.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad8.api.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ad8.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adf.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adfpaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ads1.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adsances.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspacds.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspaces.ero-ades.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspaces.ero-apaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspaces2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspaes.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspages.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adspcces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adsspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adstaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adw.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 adwpaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 afs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 analytics.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 anners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ban3ers.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ban4ers.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banjers.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bann12s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bann13s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bann14s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bann1rs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banne2s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banne3s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banne4s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banner.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 banners1.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bannevs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 bavners2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 blatfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 blog.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 blog.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 blog.intext.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 btw.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 cata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 chat.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 chat.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 cyhners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 daaa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 daea.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 daia.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dat2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 data-ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 data2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 date.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dats.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 datt.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 daua.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dava.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dawa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dbta.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 deta.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 dtta.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 e-hpaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 eedclicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ers.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 es.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 fanners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 fata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 fhatfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flashtest.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flatdee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flatfae.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flatfea.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flatfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 flw.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 fnatfee.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 forum.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 forum.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 forums.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 forums.data2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 forums.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 fpa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 gata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 hata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 idspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 imeds.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 intext.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ioads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 js.ads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 kds.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 layers.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 mata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 miami.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 mobileads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 movieads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 mx.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 mybb.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 nata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 nl1.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 nl2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 nners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 oata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 opads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 pagepeel.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 pata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 phpmyadmin.ads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 phpmyadmin.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 phpmyadmin.js.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 piwik.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 piwik.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 popacs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 rata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 redirect.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 rs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 rs2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.hiadspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.hipaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.his.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.hispaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.histas.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10.histats.com.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s10paces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 s7.adaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 sin.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 smtp.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 spaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 speed4cksa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 speedclecks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 speedclics.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 speedlicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 speeuclicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.data2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 stats.speedclicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 steenbergen.web.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 tcm.optica.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 tex.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 thumb.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 thumbads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 thumbs.xlaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 thumbs2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 tiumbs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 topads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 typo3.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 umbs.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 users.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wdata.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 webstats.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wiki.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wiki.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wow.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wsw.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wta.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 ww2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wwa.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wwbanners2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 wws.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.a.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.adspaces.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.banners.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.banners2.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.data-ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ero-adverising.com.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.imads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.movieads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.popads.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.speedclicks.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 www.thumb.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 xn--adspace-kvg.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 zww.ero-advertising.com
+0.0.0.0 redshell.io
+0.0.0.0 api.redshell.io
+0.0.0.0 treasuredata.com
+0.0.0.0 api.treasuredata.com
+
+# FIFA 2018 scum
+0.0.0.0 supload.com
+0.0.0.0 notification-browser.tools
+0.0.0.0 sex-and-flirt.com
+0.0.0.0 rtb-adsterra.flshtrk.store
+0.0.0.0 best2017games.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bet365.com
+
+# Massive logout sites
+0.0.0.0 theannoyingsite.com
+0.0.0.0 superlogout.github.io
+
+# Other
+0.0.0.0 api.userstyles.org
+0.0.0.0 hrtya.com
+0.0.0.0 greatmacsoft.tech
+0.0.0.0 adscan.yelabapp.com
+0.0.0.0 myfreecams.com
+0.0.0.0 www.myfreecams.com
+0.0.0.0 icloud.com-locations.in
+0.0.0.0 cradver.livejasmin.com
+0.0.0.0 freeadult.games
+0.0.0.0 goooooooooogle.com
+0.0.0.0 rdi.eu.criteo.com
+0.0.0.0 ads.samsungads.com
+0.0.0.0 enabler.datalake.mediaset.it
+0.0.0.0 hbbtv.mediaset.net
+
+# See Issue #844 – Windows telemetry servers – https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues/844
+alpha.telemetry.microsft.com
+eu.vortex-win.data.microsft.com
+oca.telemetry.microsft.com
+us.vortex-win.data.microsft.com
+v10-win.vortex.data.microsft.com.akadns.net
+v10.vortex-win.data.microsft.com
+
+#=====================================
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Steven Black's ad-hoc list",
+    "description": "Additional sketch domains as I come across them.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+0.0.0.0 cdn.appround.biz
+0.0.0.0 cdn.download.sweetpacks.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.insta.playbryte.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.msdwnld.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.mypcbackup.com
+0.0.0.0 inno.bisrv.com
+0.0.0.0 installer.betterinstaller.com
+0.0.0.0 installer.filebulldog.com
+0.0.0.0 nsis.bisrv.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.opencandy.com.s3.amazonaws.com
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "name": "UncheckyAds",
+    "description": "Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+# AdAway default blocklist
+# Blocking mobile ad providers and some analytics providers
+# 
+# Contribute:
+# Create an issue at https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues
+#
+# Changelog:
+# 2016-07-18 Now hosted on GitHub + Cloudflare
+# 2014-05-18 Now with a valid SSL certificate available at https://adaway.org/hosts.txt
+# 2013-03-29 Integrated some hosts from
+#            http://adblock.gjtech.net/?format=hostfile
+# 2013-03-14 Back from the dead
+# 
+# License:
+# CC Attribution 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
+#
+# Contributions by:
+# Kicelo, Dominik Schuermann
+#
+
+127.0.0.1  localhost
+::1  localhost
+
+# [General]
+127.0.0.1 lb.usemaxserver.de
+127.0.0.1 tracking.klickthru.com
+127.0.0.1 gsmtop.net
+127.0.0.1 click.buzzcity.net
+127.0.0.1 ads.admoda.com
+127.0.0.1 stats.pflexads.com
+127.0.0.1 a.glcdn.co
+127.0.0.1 wwww.adleads.com
+127.0.0.1 ad.madvertise.de
+127.0.0.1 apps.buzzcity.net
+127.0.0.1 ads.mobgold.com
+127.0.0.1 android.bcfads.com
+127.0.0.1 show.buzzcity.net
+127.0.0.1 api.analytics.omgpop.com
+127.0.0.1 r.edge.inmobicdn.net
+127.0.0.1 www.mmnetwork.mobi
+127.0.0.1 img.ads.huntmad.com
+127.0.0.1 creative1cdn.mobfox.com
+127.0.0.1 admicro2.vcmedia.vn
+127.0.0.1 admicro1.vcmedia.vn
+127.0.0.1 s3.phluant.com
+127.0.0.1 c.vrvm.com
+127.0.0.1 go.vrvm.com
+127.0.0.1 static.estebull.com
+127.0.0.1 mobile.Banzai.it
+127.0.0.1 ads.xxxad.net
+127.0.0.1 img.ads.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 adcontent.saymedia.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.saymedia.com
+127.0.0.1 ftpcontent.worldnow.com
+127.0.0.1 s0.2mdn.net
+127.0.0.1 img.ads.mocean.mobi
+127.0.0.1 bigmobileads.com
+127.0.0.1 banners.bigmobileads.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.mopub.com
+127.0.0.1 images.mpression.net
+127.0.0.1 images.millennialmedia.com
+127.0.0.1 oasc04012.247realmedia.com
+127.0.0.1 assets.cntdy.mobi
+127.0.0.1 ad.leadboltapps.net ## another airpush style ad#
+127.0.0.1 api.airpush.com ## hope this is all #
+127.0.0.1 ad.where.com
+127.0.0.1 i.tapit.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn1.crispadvertising.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn2.crispadvertising.com
+127.0.0.1 medrx.sensis.com.au
+127.0.0.1 rs-staticart.ybcdn.net
+127.0.0.1 img.ads.taptapnetworks.com
+127.0.0.1 adserver.ubiyoo.com
+127.0.0.1 c753738.r38.cf2.rackcdn.com
+127.0.0.1 edge.reporo.net
+127.0.0.1 ads.n-ws.org 
+127.0.0.1 adultmoda.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.smartdevicemedia.com
+127.0.0.1 b.scorecardresearch.com
+127.0.0.1 m.adsymptotic.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn.vdopia.com
+127.0.0.1 api.yp.com
+127.0.0.1 asotrack1.fluentmobile.com
+127.0.0.1 android-sdk31.transpera.com
+127.0.0.1 apps.mobilityware.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.mobilityware.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.admarvel.com
+127.0.0.1 netdna.reporo.net
+127.0.0.1 www.eltrafiko.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn.trafficforce.com
+127.0.0.1 gts-ads.twistbox.com
+127.0.0.1 static.cdn.gtsmobi.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.matomymobile.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.adiquity.com
+127.0.0.1 img.ads.mobilefuse.net
+127.0.0.1 as.adfonic.net
+127.0.0.1 media.mobpartner.mobi
+127.0.0.1 cdn.us.goldspotmedia.com
+127.0.0.1 ads2.mediaarmor.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn.nearbyad.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.ookla.com
+127.0.0.1 mobiledl.adobe.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.flurry.com
+127.0.0.1 gemini.yahoo.com
+
+# [hosted on cloudfront]
+127.0.0.1 d3anogn3pbtk4v.cloudfront.net
+127.0.0.1 d3oltyb66oj2v8.cloudfront.net
+127.0.0.1 d2bgg7rjywcwsy.cloudfront.net
+
+# [vserv.mobi]
+127.0.0.1 a.vserv.mobi
+127.0.0.1 admin.vserv.mobi
+127.0.0.1 c.vserv.mobi
+127.0.0.1 ads.vserv.mobi
+127.0.0.1 sf.vserv.mobi
+
+# [pflexads.com]
+127.0.0.1 hybl9bazbc35.pflexads.com
+127.0.0.1 hhbekxxw5d9e.pflexads.com
+127.0.0.1 www.pflexads.com
+127.0.0.1 orencia.pflexads.com
+
+# [velti.com]
+127.0.0.1 atti.velti.com
+127.0.0.1 ru.velti.com
+127.0.0.1 mwc.velti.com
+
+# [celtra.com]
+127.0.0.1 cdn.celtra.com
+127.0.0.1 ads.celtra.com
+127.0.0.1 cache-ssl.celtra.com
+127.0.0.1 cache.celtra.com
+127.0.0.1 track.celtra.com
+
+# [inner-active.mobi]
+127.0.0.1 wv.inner-active.mobi
+127.0.0.1 cdn1.inner-active.mobi
+127.0.0.1 m2m1.inner-active.mobi
+
+# [Jumptab]
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq01.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq02.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq03.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq04.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq05.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq06.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq07.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq08.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq09.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq10.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq11.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq12.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq13.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq14.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq15.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq16.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq17.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq18.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq19.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bos-tapreq20.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 web64.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 web63.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 web65.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 bo.jumptap.com
+127.0.0.1 i.jumptap.com
+
+# [applovin]
+127.0.0.1 a.applovin.com
+127.0.0.1 d.applovin.com
+127.0.0.1 pdn.applovin.com
+
+# [Mobpartner]
+127.0.0.1 mobpartner.mobi
+127.0.0.1 go.mobpartner.mobi
+127.0.0.1 r.mobpartner.mobi
+
+# [Adinfuse]
+127.0.0.1 uk-ad2.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 go.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 ad1.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 ad2.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 sky.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 orange-fr.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 sky-connect.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 uk-go.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 orangeuk-mc.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 intouch.adinfuse.com
+127.0.0.1 funnel0.adinfuse.com
+
+# [mydas.mobi]
+127.0.0.1 cvt.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 lp.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 golds.lp.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 suo.lp.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 aio.lp.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 lp.mp.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 media.mydas.mobi
+127.0.0.1 ads.mp.mydas.mobi # with many subdomains
+
+# [appads.com]
+127.0.0.1 neptune.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 neptune1.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 neptune2.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 neptune3.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 saturn.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 saturn1.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 saturn2.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 saturn3.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 jupiter.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 jupiter1.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 jupiter2.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 jupiter3.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 req.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 req1.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 req2.appads.com
+127.0.0.1 req3.appads.com
+
+# [yandex.ru]
+127.0.0.1 mc.yandex.ru
+127.0.0.1 an.yandex.ru
+
+# [tapad]
+127.0.0.1 swappit.tapad.com
+127.0.0.1 campaign-tapad.s3.amazonaws.com
+127.0.0.1 adsrv1.tapad.com
+
+# [mojiva.com]
+127.0.0.1 ads1.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 ads2.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 ads3.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 ads4.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 ads5.mojiva.com
+
+# [inmobi.com]
+127.0.0.1 i.w.inmobi.com #
+127.0.0.1 r.w.inmobi.com # in-app provider
+127.0.0.1 c.w.inmobi.com
+127.0.0.1 adtracker.inmobi.com
+127.0.0.1 china.inmobi.com
+127.0.0.1 japan.inmobi.com
+
+# [phluantmobile.net]
+127.0.0.1 mdn1.phluantmobile.net
+127.0.0.1 mdn2.phluantmobile.net
+127.0.0.1 mdn3.phluantmobile.net
+127.0.0.1 mdn3origin.phluantmobile.net
+
+# [smaato.net]
+127.0.0.1 soma.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c29new.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c01.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c02.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c03.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c04.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c05.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c06.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c07.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c08.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c09.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c10.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c11.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c12.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c13.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c14.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c15.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c16.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c17.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c18.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c19.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c20.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c21.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c22.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c23.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c24.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c25.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c26.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c27.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c28.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c29.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c30.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c31.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c32.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c33.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c34.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c35.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c36.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c37.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c38.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c39.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c40.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c41.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c42.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c43.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c44.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c45.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c46.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c47.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c48.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c49.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c50.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c51.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c52.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c53.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c54.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c55.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c56.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c57.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c58.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c59.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 c60.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f03.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f04.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f05.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f06.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f07.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f08.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f09.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f10.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f11.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f12.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f13.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f14.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f15.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f16.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f17.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f18.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f19.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f20.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f21.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f22.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f23.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f24.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f25.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f26.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f27.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f28.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f29.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f30.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f31.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f32.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f33.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f34.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f35.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f36.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f37.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f38.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f39.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f40.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f41.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f42.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f43.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f44.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f45.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f46.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f47.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f48.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f49.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f50.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f51.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f52.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f53.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f54.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f55.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f56.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f57.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f58.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f59.smaato.net
+127.0.0.1 f60.smaato.net
+
+# [mojiva.com]
+127.0.0.1 img.ads1.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 img.ads2.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 img.ads3.mojiva.com
+127.0.0.1 img.ads4.mojiva.com
+
+# [mocean.mobi]
+127.0.0.1 img.ads1.mocean.mobi
+127.0.0.1 img.ads2.mocean.mobi
+127.0.0.1 img.ads3.mocean.mobi
+127.0.0.1 img.ads4.mocean.mobi
+
+# [Smart Adserver]
+127.0.0.1 akamai.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn1.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 diff.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 diff2.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 diff3.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 eqx.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 im2.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 itx5-publicidad.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 itx5.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 tcy.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww129.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww13.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww14.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww234.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww251.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww264.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww302.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww362.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww370.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww381.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww392.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww55.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww57.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 ww84.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 www.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 www2.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 www3.smartadserver.com
+127.0.0.1 www4.smartadserver.com
+
+# [Mobclix]
+127.0.0.1 ads.mobclix.com
+127.0.0.1 data.mobclix.com
+127.0.0.1 s.mobclix.com
+
+# [MdotM, Inc.]
+127.0.0.1 ads.mdotm.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn.mdotm.com
+
+# [Greystripe]
+127.0.0.1 ads2.greystripe.com
+127.0.0.1 adsx.greystripe.com
+127.0.0.1 c.greystripe.com
+
+# [Amazon]
+127.0.0.1 aax-us-east.amazon-adsystem.com
+127.0.0.1 aax-us-west.amazon-adsystem.com
+127.0.0.1 s.amazon-adsystem.com
+
+# [Hosted on Amazon AWS]
+127.0.0.1 admarvel.s3.amazonaws.com
+127.0.0.1 html5adkit.plusmo.s3.amazonaws.com
+127.0.0.1 inneractive-assets.s3.amazonaws.com
+127.0.0.1 strikeadcdn.s3.amazonaws.com
+
+# [Admob]
+127.0.0.1 a.admob.com
+127.0.0.1 analytics.admob.com
+127.0.0.1 c.admob.com
+127.0.0.1 media.admob.com
+127.0.0.1 p.admob.com
+
+# [AdWhirl]
+127.0.0.1 met.adwhirl.com
+127.0.0.1 mob.adwhirl.com
+
+# [Doubleclick (Google)]
+127.0.0.1 ad-g.doubleclick.net
+127.0.0.1 ad.doubleclick.net
+127.0.0.1 ad.mo.doubleclick.net
+127.0.0.1 doubleclick.net
+127.0.0.1 googleads.g.doubleclick.net
+
+# [Google]
+127.0.0.1 pagead.googlesyndication.com
+127.0.0.1 pagead1.googlesyndication.com
+127.0.0.1 pagead2.googlesyndication.com
+
+# [National Rail Enquiries, https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=uk.co.nationalrail.google]
+127.0.0.1 events.foreseeresults.com
+127.0.0.1 survey.foreseeresults.com
+127.0.0.1 m.quantserve.com
+
+# [leadboltmobile]
+127.0.0.1 ad.leadboltmobile.net
+
+# [MSN Ads, in Skype]
+127.0.0.1 mobileads.msn.com
+
+# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=myapp.devilbaby.android.music.newmusic]
+127.0.0.1 img.adecorp.co.kr
+127.0.0.1 us0.adlibr.com
+127.0.0.1 ad.parrot.mable-inc.com
+
+# [http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.chuangkai.phonehelper]
+127.0.0.1 aos.wall.youmi.net
+127.0.0.1 au.youmi.net
+
+# [http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.coconuts.webnavigator]
+127.0.0.1 coconuts.boy.jp
+127.0.0.1 iacpromotion.s3.amazonaws.com
+127.0.0.1 plugin.2easydroid.com
+
+# [http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.babjul.billboard]
+127.0.0.1 adimg3.search.naver.net
+
+# [http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.taeyang.billboardtop]
+127.0.0.1 st.a-link.co.kr
+127.0.0.1 cdn.ajillionmax.com
+127.0.0.1 dispatch.admixer.co.kr
+127.0.0.1 ifc.inmobi.com
+127.0.0.1 thinknear-hosted.thinknearhub.com
+
+# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.buymeapie.bmap]
+127.0.0.1 ads.adadapted.com
+
+#
+# ANALYTICS
+#
+127.0.0.1 analytics.localytics.com
+
+# [Medialytics]
+127.0.0.1 a.medialytics.com
+127.0.0.1 c.medialytics.com
+127.0.0.1 cdn.creative.medialytics.com
+127.0.0.1 p.medialytics.com
+127.0.0.1 px.cdn.creative.medialytics.com
+127.0.0.1 t.medialytics.com
+
+# [Google]
+127.0.0.1 google-analytics.com
+127.0.0.1 googlesyndication.com
+
+# [applift]
+127.0.0.1 applift.com
+# use finer grained hostnames?
+#127.0.0.1 tracking.applift.com
+
+# [EFF Tracker Detection]
+127.0.0.1 trackersimulator.org
+127.0.0.1 eviltracker.net
+127.0.0.1 do-not-tracker.org
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "AdAway",
+    "description": "AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.",
+    "homeurl": "https://adaway.org/",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "CC BY 3.0"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.2o7Net",
+    "description": "2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+0.0.0.0 avast-downloads.com
+0.0.0.0 blacksnake.com
+0.0.0.0 europcareer.com
+0.0.0.0 get-avast.com
+0.0.0.0 google-docs.info
+0.0.0.0 gooqleapi.com
+0.0.0.0 iphonegames3g.com
+0.0.0.0 jmp2click.com
+0.0.0.0 microsoft-update.name
+0.0.0.0 paypai.org
+0.0.0.0 sunonsunday.com
+0.0.0.0 thesunonsunday.com
+0.0.0.0 toolbar.wibiya.com
+0.0.0.0 www.avast-downloads.com
+0.0.0.0 www.europcareer.com
+0.0.0.0 wwwfacebook.com
+0.0.0.0 www.get-avast.com
+0.0.0.0 www.google-docs.info
+0.0.0.0 www.iphonegames3g.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jmp2click.com
+0.0.0.0 www.microsoft-update.name
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Dead",
+    "description": "Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Risk",
+    "description": "Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+0.0.0.0 100.1qingdao.com
+0.0.0.0 7minuteworkout.com
+0.0.0.0 addshoppers.com
+0.0.0.0 affiliatecashpile.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 arklighting.co
+0.0.0.0 bigpayout.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 brandedleadgeneration.com
+0.0.0.0 clicktshirtprinting.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 creditauthpagev3.info
+0.0.0.0 dandingo.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 defenderxtactical.com
+0.0.0.0 divisioncore.com
+0.0.0.0 fitnesshealthreporter.com
+0.0.0.0 freeforums.org
+0.0.0.0 go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 gtradersoft.com
+0.0.0.0 heartrevitalized.com
+0.0.0.0 janeaustenjoy.com
+0.0.0.0 lazyprofits.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 medtecchina.com
+0.0.0.0 motoren.ru
+0.0.0.0 mydreamdegree.com
+0.0.0.0 nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 news.nero-emea.com
+0.0.0.0 news.nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 novastarled.com
+0.0.0.0 offerscience.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 onlineloan-personal.net
+0.0.0.0 otherinbox.com
+0.0.0.0 pcbutts1-therealtruth.blogspot.com
+0.0.0.0 playlott.com
+0.0.0.0 profitsitesbiz.com
+0.0.0.0 redhotfreebies.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 securesignupoffers.org
+0.0.0.0 stsoftware.biz
+0.0.0.0 tekindustri.upnjatim.ac.id
+0.0.0.0 thedatingconference.com
+0.0.0.0 tinaborg.com
+0.0.0.0 unionleisurewear.com
+0.0.0.0 va.tawk.to
+0.0.0.0 vntanktransport.com
+0.0.0.0 vydoxtrial.com
+0.0.0.0 www.7minuteworkout.com
+0.0.0.0 www.addshoppers.com
+0.0.0.0 www.arklighting.co
+0.0.0.0 www.brandedleadgeneration.com
+0.0.0.0 www.clicktshirtprinting.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 www.creditauthpagev3.info
+0.0.0.0 www.defenderxtactical.com
+0.0.0.0 www.divisioncore.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fitnesshealthreporter.com
+0.0.0.0 www.freeforums.org
+0.0.0.0 www.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 www.gtradersoft.com
+0.0.0.0 www.heartrevitalized.com
+0.0.0.0 www.janeaustenjoy.com
+0.0.0.0 www.medtecchina.com
+0.0.0.0 www.motoren.ru
+0.0.0.0 www.mydreamdegree.com
+0.0.0.0 www.nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 www.novastarled.com
+0.0.0.0 www.onlineloan-personal.net
+0.0.0.0 www.otherinbox.com
+0.0.0.0 www.oz-offers.com
+0.0.0.0 www.playlott.com
+0.0.0.0 www.profitsitesbiz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.securesignupoffers.org
+0.0.0.0 www.stsoftware.biz
+0.0.0.0 www.thedatingconference.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tinaborg.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tkdami.net
+0.0.0.0 www.unionleisurewear.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vntanktransport.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vydoxtrial.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Spam",
+    "description": "Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Malware Domain List",
+    "description": "Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project.",
+    "homeurl": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/",
+    "frequency": "weekly",
+    "issues": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php",
+    "url": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "'can be used for free by anyone'"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "MVPS hosts file",
+    "description": "The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.",
+    "homeurl": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/",
+    "frequency": "monthly",
+    "issues": "mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org)",
+    "description": "How to make the internet not suck (as much).",
+    "homeurl": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "hosts@someonewhocares.org",
+    "url": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts",
+    "license": "non-commercial with attribution"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+    "name": "yoyo.org",
+    "description": "Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames.",
+    "homeurl": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "mailto:pgl@yoyo.org",
+    "url": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0"
+}
+
+
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+0.0.0.0 100percentfedup.com
+0.0.0.0 20minutenews.com
+0.0.0.0 21stcenturywire.com
+0.0.0.0 365usanews.com
+0.0.0.0 4threvolutionarywar.wordpress.com
+0.0.0.0 70news.wordpress.com
+0.0.0.0 aanirfan.blogspot.com
+0.0.0.0 abcnews.com.co
+0.0.0.0 addictinginfo.org
+0.0.0.0 adobochronicles.com
+0.0.0.0 africannewsupdates.com
+0.0.0.0 ahtribune.com
+0.0.0.0 alertchild.com
+0.0.0.0 aljazeera-channel.com
+0.0.0.0 allnewspipeline.com
+0.0.0.0 alynews.com
+0.0.0.0 americanfreepress.net
+0.0.0.0 americanlookout.com
+0.0.0.0 americanmilitarynews.com
+0.0.0.0 americannews.com
+0.0.0.0 americanoverlook.com
+0.0.0.0 americanreviewer.com
+0.0.0.0 americantoday.news
+0.0.0.0 americantribune.org
+0.0.0.0 amposts.com
+0.0.0.0 anonhq.com
+0.0.0.0 anonymousnews.ru
+0.0.0.0 anotherdayintheempire.com
+0.0.0.0 areyouasleep.com
+0.0.0.0 asamericanasapplepie.org
+0.0.0.0 asheepnomore.net
+0.0.0.0 asia-pacificresearch.com
+0.0.0.0 assassinationscience.com
+0.0.0.0 associatedmediacoverage.com
+0.0.0.0 awarenessact.com
+0.0.0.0 awazetribune.com
+0.0.0.0 awdnews.com
+0.0.0.0 badcriminals.com
+0.0.0.0 baltimoregazette.com
+0.0.0.0 bb4sp.com
+0.0.0.0 beforeitsnews.com
+0.0.0.0 bentspud.com
+0.0.0.0 bigamericannews.com
+0.0.0.0 biglawnewsline.com
+0.0.0.0 bigleaguepolitics.com
+0.0.0.0 bignuggetnews.com
+0.0.0.0 bigpzone.com
+0.0.0.0 bipartisanreport.com
+0.0.0.0 bizstandardnews.com
+0.0.0.0 blackgenocide.org
+0.0.0.0 blacklistednews.com
+0.0.0.0 blog.halle-leaks.de
+0.0.0.0 bluenationreview.com
+0.0.0.0 butthatsnoneofmybusiness.com
+0.0.0.0 caintv.com
+0.0.0.0 canadafreepress.com
+0.0.0.0 cap-news.com
+0.0.0.0 cartelpress.com
+0.0.0.0 cartelreport.com
+0.0.0.0 channel-7-news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel16news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel17news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel18news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel22news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel23news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel24news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel28news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel33news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel34news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel45news.com
+0.0.0.0 channel5000.com
+0.0.0.0 chemtrailsplanet.net
+0.0.0.0 christianfightback.com
+0.0.0.0 christiantimesnewspaper.com
+0.0.0.0 christwire.org
+0.0.0.0 chronicle.su
+0.0.0.0 civictribune.com
+0.0.0.0 clancyreport.com
+0.0.0.0 clashdaily.com
+0.0.0.0 cnn.com.de
+0.0.0.0 collectivelyconscious.net
+0.0.0.0 consciouslifenews.com
+0.0.0.0 conservative101.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativebyte.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativedailypost.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativefiringline.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativefrontline.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativepapers.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativerefocus.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativestate.com
+0.0.0.0 conservativetribune.com
+0.0.0.0 conspiracydailyupdate.com
+0.0.0.0 conspiracyplanet.com
+0.0.0.0 countdowntozerotime.com
+0.0.0.0 countercurrentnews.com
+0.0.0.0 counterpsyops.com
+0.0.0.0 cowgernation.com
+0.0.0.0 crazynews24.co.zw
+0.0.0.0 crazynewsreports.com
+0.0.0.0 creambmp.com
+0.0.0.0 cronicadeportiva.com
+0.0.0.0 dailybuzzlive.com
+0.0.0.0 dailycaller.com
+0.0.0.0 dailycurrant.com
+0.0.0.0 dailyheadlines.net
+0.0.0.0 dailynews11.com
+0.0.0.0 dailynewsposts.info
+0.0.0.0 dailyoccupation.com
+0.0.0.0 dailypostfeed.com
+0.0.0.0 dandygoat.com
+0.0.0.0 davidduke.com
+0.0.0.0 dcleaks.com
+0.0.0.0 dcposts.com
+0.0.0.0 dcwhispers.com
+0.0.0.0 deepinsidetherabbithole.com
+0.0.0.0 democraticreview.com
+0.0.0.0 dennismichaellynch.com
+0.0.0.0 denverguardian.com
+0.0.0.0 departed.co
+0.0.0.0 departedmedia.info
+0.0.0.0 donaldtrumpnews.co
+0.0.0.0 downtrend.com
+0.0.0.0 drudgereport.com.co
+0.0.0.0 drugsofficial.com
+0.0.0.0 duhprogressive.com
+0.0.0.0 eaglerising.com
+0.0.0.0 educate-yourself.org
+0.0.0.0 educateinspirechange.org
+0.0.0.0 embols.com
+0.0.0.0 empireherald.com
+0.0.0.0 empirenews.com
+0.0.0.0 empirenews.net
+0.0.0.0 endingthefed.com
+0.0.0.0 endoftheamericandream.com
+0.0.0.0 eutopia.buzz
+0.0.0.0 everydaybreakingnews.com
+0.0.0.0 familysecuritymatters.org
+0.0.0.0 famousviralstories.com
+0.0.0.0 fanzinger.com
+0.0.0.0 federalistpress.com
+0.0.0.0 fedsalert.com
+0.0.0.0 fellowshipoftheminds.com
+0.0.0.0 firebrandleft.com
+0.0.0.0 fmobserver.com
+0.0.0.0 focusnews.us
+0.0.0.0 folksvideo.com
+0.0.0.0 forbiddenknowledgetv.net
+0.0.0.0 fprnradio.com
+0.0.0.0 freebeacon.com
+0.0.0.0 freedom-articles.toolsforfreedom.com
+0.0.0.0 freedomdaily.com
+0.0.0.0 freedomoutpost.com
+0.0.0.0 fromthetrenchesworldreport.com
+0.0.0.0 fuhrerious88blog.wordpress.com
+0.0.0.0 fusionlacedillusions.com
+0.0.0.0 galacticconnection.com
+0.0.0.0 gangstergovernment.com
+0.0.0.0 gatesofvienna.net
+0.0.0.0 globalresearch.ca
+0.0.0.0 glossynews.com
+0.0.0.0 godtoday.com
+0.0.0.0 gomerblog.com
+0.0.0.0 gopthedailydose.com
+0.0.0.0 gotnews.com
+0.0.0.0 govtslaves.info
+0.0.0.0 guccifer2.wordpress.com
+0.0.0.0 gulagbound.com
+0.0.0.0 hahaloud.com
+0.0.0.0 healthimpactnews.com
+0.0.0.0 heathenwomen.com
+0.0.0.0 heaviermetal.net
+0.0.0.0 henrymakow.com
+0.0.0.0 holylandnutrition.com
+0.0.0.0 humansarefree.com
+0.0.0.0 ihavethetruth.com
+0.0.0.0 illuminati-news.com
+0.0.0.0 immediatesafety.org
+0.0.0.0 imzansi.co.za
+0.0.0.0 indiaarising.com
+0.0.0.0 info.kopp-verlag.de
+0.0.0.0 infowars.com
+0.0.0.0 intellihub.com
+0.0.0.0 inthenow.media
+0.0.0.0 intrendtoday.com
+0.0.0.0 investmentwatchblog.com
+0.0.0.0 irishufology.net
+0.0.0.0 ironictimes.com
+0.0.0.0 islamicanews.com
+0.0.0.0 itaglive.com
+0.0.0.0 jamesfetzer.blogspot.com
+0.0.0.0 jameslico.com
+0.0.0.0 janmorganmedia.com
+0.0.0.0 joeforamerica.com
+0.0.0.0 jokerviral.com
+0.0.0.0 jonesreport.com
+0.0.0.0 journal-neo.org
+0.0.0.0 justtrumpit.us
+0.0.0.0 kata33.com
+0.0.0.0 katehon.com
+0.0.0.0 kingworldnews.com
+0.0.0.0 knightstemplarinternational.com
+0.0.0.0 krbcnews.com
+0.0.0.0 kspm33.com
+0.0.0.0 kupr7.com
+0.0.0.0 ky6news.com
+0.0.0.0 kypo6.com
+0.0.0.0 landdestroyer.blogspot.com
+0.0.0.0 larouchepub.com
+0.0.0.0 liberaldarkness.com
+0.0.0.0 liberalsociety.com
+0.0.0.0 libertyblitzkrieg.com
+0.0.0.0 libertymovementradio.com
+0.0.0.0 libertynews.com
+0.0.0.0 libertytalk.fm
+0.0.0.0 libertyunyielding.com
+0.0.0.0 libertyvideos.org
+0.0.0.0 libertywritersnews.com
+0.0.0.0 lincolnreport.com
+0.0.0.0 literallyunbelievable.org
+0.0.0.0 livemonitor.co.za
+0.0.0.0 livingresistance.com
+0.0.0.0 lucidawakenings.net
+0.0.0.0 madashellnews.com
+0.0.0.0 madworldnews.com
+0.0.0.0 mainerepublicemailalert.com
+0.0.0.0 makeamericagreattoday.com
+0.0.0.0 mbynews.com
+0.0.0.0 mckenziepost.com
+0.0.0.0 mediamass.net
+0.0.0.0 memoryholeblog.com
+0.0.0.0 mindenszo.hu
+0.0.0.0 moralmatters.org
+0.0.0.0 mpidailymagazine.com
+0.0.0.0 mrnewswatch.com
+0.0.0.0 msnbc.website
+0.0.0.0 myfoodepic.com
+0.0.0.0 myzonetoday.com
+0.0.0.0 nahadaily.com
+0.0.0.0 nationalreport.net
+0.0.0.0 nationonenews.com
+0.0.0.0 nbcnews.io
+0.0.0.0 netlivemedia.com
+0.0.0.0 nevo.news
+0.0.0.0 newcenturytimes.com
+0.0.0.0 newobserveronline.com
+0.0.0.0 news4ktla.com
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@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Fake News",
+    "description": "An in-progress collection of fake news outlets.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/marktron/fakenews",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file",
+    "description": "This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# Extensions
+
+Use subfolders under this `extensions` folder to house data sources for extensions to the default unified hosts file.
+
+Currently, this repo includes data sources for four extensions:
+
+* `fakenews` for fake news sites.
+* `gambling` for common online betting sites,
+* `porn` for porn sites, and
+* `social` for common social media sites,
+
+
+Here are some sample calls, which vary which extensions are included.
+
+**Using the `updateHostsFile.py` script**:
+
+Create a hosts file that includes domain blocking for porn, social media, and gambling.
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py --auto --extensions porn social gambling
+
+or, in short form:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py -a -e porn social gambling
+
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright © 2019 Steven Black
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
+FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
+COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
+IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# Script by gfyoung
+# https://github.com/gfyoung
+#
+# This Python script will generate hosts files and update the readme file.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import argparse
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def print_failure(msg):
+    """
+    Print a failure message.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    msg : str
+        The failure message to print.
+    """
+
+    print("\033[91m" + msg + "\033[0m")
+
+
+def update_hosts_file(*flags):
+    """
+    Wrapper around running updateHostsFile.py
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    flags : varargs
+        Commandline flags to pass into updateHostsFile.py. For more info, run
+        the following command in the terminal or command prompt:
+
+        ```
+        python updateHostsFile.py -h
+        ```
+    """
+
+    if subprocess.call([sys.executable, "updateHostsFile.py"] + list(flags)):
+        print_failure("Failed to update hosts file")
+
+
+def update_readme_file():
+    """
+    Wrapper around running updateReadme.py
+    """
+
+    if subprocess.call([sys.executable, "updateReadme.py"]):
+        print_failure("Failed to update readme file")
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Creates custom hosts "
+                                                 "file from hosts stored in "
+                                                 "data subfolders.")
+    parser.parse_args()
+
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-o",
+                      "alternates/gambling",
+                      "-e", "gambling")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/porn",
+                      "-e", "porn")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/social",
+                      "-e", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews",
+                      "-e", "fakenews")
+
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-porn",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "porn")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-social",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/gambling-porn",
+                      "-e", "gambling", "porn")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/gambling-social",
+                      "-e", "gambling", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/porn-social",
+                      "-e", "porn", "social")
+
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "porn")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-social",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-porn-social",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "porn", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/gambling-porn-social",
+                      "-e", "gambling", "porn", "social")
+
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
+                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social",
+                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "porn", "social")
+
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n")
+
+    # Update the readme files.
+    update_readme_file()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Custom host records are listed here.
+
+
+# End of custom host records.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+  "name": "hosts",
+  "version": "2.3.1",
+  "description": "Extending and consolidating hosts files from several well-curated sources like adaway.org, mvps.org, malwaredomainlist.com, someonewhocares.org, and potentially others. You can optionally invoke extensions to block additional sites by category.",
+  "main": "",
+  "scripts": {
+    "test": "python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py",
+    "start": "python3 makeHosts.py",
+    "release": "release-it"
+  },
+  "repository": {
+    "type": "git",
+    "url": "git+https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts.git"
+  },
+  "keywords": [
+    "python",
+    "unified-hosts",
+    "malware",
+    "ad-blocker",
+    "porn-filter",
+    "social-media-filter",
+    "hosts",
+    "privacy",
+    "protection",
+    "pornblocker",
+    "gambling-filter",
+    "ransomware",
+    "trojans"
+  ],
+  "author": "Steven Black (https://github.com/StevenBlack)",
+  "license": "MIT",
+  "bugs": {
+    "url": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues"
+  },
+  "homepage": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#readme",
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "release-it": "^10.0.7"
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file with base extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **February 06 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with base extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) containing 39,171 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,171 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,840 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,437 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,461 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,648 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,106 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,130 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,317 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,727 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,914 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,937 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,396 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,583 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,606 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,203 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,872 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"fakenews-gambling-porn": {"location": "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/", "entries": 52396, "sourcesdata": [{"name": "Steven Black's ad-hoc list", "description": "Additional sketch domains as I come across them.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts", "license": "MIT"}, {"name": "Malware Domain List", "description": "Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project.", "homeurl": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/", "frequency": "weekly", "issues": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php", "url": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt", "license": "'can be used for free by anyone'"}, {"name": "add.Dead", "description": "Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "add.Spam", "description": "Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "Dan Pollock \u2013 [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org)", "description": "How to make the internet not suck (as much).", "homeurl": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "hosts@someonewhocares.org", "url": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts", "license": "non-commercial with attribution"}, {"name": "MVPS hosts file", "description": "The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.", "homeurl": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/", "frequency": "monthly", "issues": "mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com", "url": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"}, {"name": "yoyo.org", "description": "Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames.", "homeurl": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "mailto:pgl@yoyo.org", "url": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0"}, {"name": "Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts", "description": "Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers", "homeurl": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts", "frequency": "weekly", "issues": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts", "license": "'non-commercial with attribution'"}, {"name": "CoinBlocker", "description": "Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications", "homeurl": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues", "url": "https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser", "license": "GPLv3"}, {"name": "UncheckyAds", "description": "Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts"}, {"name": "add.2o7Net", "description": "2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "KADhosts", "description": "Fraud/adware/scam websites.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt", "license": "GPLv3"}, {"name": "AdAway", "description": "AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.", "homeurl": "https://adaway.org/", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt", "license": "CC BY 3.0"}, {"name": "add.Risk", "description": "Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionallyLine truncated
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+
+# Unified hosts file @EXTENSIONS_HEADER@
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **@GEN_DATE@**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file @EXTENSIONS_HEADER@](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/@SUBFOLDER@hosts) containing @NUM_ENTRIES@ entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+@TOCROWS@
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+@SOURCEROWS@
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  
+
+Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
+[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+lxml>=4.2.4
+beautifulsoup4==4.6.1
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+:: This script will first create a backup of the original or current hosts
+:: file and save it in a file titled "hosts.skel"
+::
+:: If "hosts.skel" exists, the new hosts file with the customized unified hosts
+:: will be copied to the proper path. Next, the DNS cache will be refreshed.
+::
+:: THIS BAT FILE MUST BE LAUNCHED WITH ADMINISTRATOR PRIVILEGES
+@ECHO OFF
+TITLE Update Hosts
+
+:: Check if we are administrator. If not, exit immediately.
+>nul 2>&1 "%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\cacls.exe" "%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\system"
+if %ERRORLEVEL% NEQ 0 (
+    ECHO This script must be run with administrator privileges!
+    ECHO Please launch command prompt as administrator. Exiting...
+    EXIT /B 1
+)
+
+if not exist "%WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts.skel" (
+	COPY %WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts %WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts.skel
+)
+
+:: Update hosts file
+python updateHostsFile.py -a
+
+:: Move new hosts file in-place
+COPY hosts %WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\
+
+:: Flush the DNS cache
+ipconfig /flushdns
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+# Script by Steven Black
+# https://github.com/StevenBlack
+#
+# This Python script will update the readme files in this repo.
+
+import json
+import os
+import time
+from string import Template
+
+# Project Settings
+BASEDIR_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
+README_TEMPLATE = os.path.join(BASEDIR_PATH, 'readme_template.md')
+README_FILENAME = 'readme.md'
+README_DATA_FILENAME = "readmeData.json"
+
+
+def main():
+    s = Template('${description} | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/'
+                 'hosts/blob/master/${location}readme.md) | '
+                 '[link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/'
+                 'hosts/master/${location}hosts) | '
+                 '${fmtentries} | '
+                 '[link](http://sbc.io/hosts/${location}hosts)')
+    with open(README_DATA_FILENAME, 'r') as f:
+        data = json.load(f)
+
+    keys = list(data.keys())
+
+    # Sort by the number of en-dashes in the key
+    # and then by the key string itself.
+    keys.sort(key=lambda item: (item.count("-"), item))
+
+    toc_rows = ""
+    for key in keys:
+        data[key]["fmtentries"] = "{:,}".format(data[key]["entries"])
+        if key == "base":
+            data[key]["description"] = 'Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)**'
+        else:
+            data[key]["description"] = ('Unified hosts **+ ' +
+                                        key.replace("-", " + ") + '**')
+
+        toc_rows += s.substitute(data[key]) + "\n"
+
+    row_defaults = {
+        "name": "",
+        "description": "",
+        "homeurl": "",
+        "frequency": "",
+        "issues": "",
+        "url": "",
+        "license": "",
+        "issues": ""}
+
+    t = Template('${name} | ${description} |[link](${homeurl})'
+                 ' | [raw](${url}) | ${frequency} | ${license}  | [issues](${issues}) ')
+
+    for key in keys:
+        extensions = key.replace("-", ", ")
+        extensions_str = "* Extensions: **" + extensions + "**."
+        extensions_header = "with " + extensions + " extensions"
+
+        source_rows = ""
+        source_list = data[key]["sourcesdata"]
+
+        for source in source_list:
+            this_row = {}
+            this_row.update(row_defaults)
+            this_row.update(source)
+            source_rows += t.substitute(this_row) + "\n"
+
+        with open(os.path.join(data[key]["location"],
+                               README_FILENAME), "wt") as out:
+            for line in open(README_TEMPLATE):
+                line = line.replace('@GEN_DATE@', time.strftime("%B %d %Y", time.gmtime()))
+                line = line.replace('@EXTENSIONS@', extensions_str)
+                line = line.replace('@EXTENSIONS_HEADER@', extensions_header)
+                line = line.replace('@NUM_ENTRIES@', "{:,}".format(data[key]["entries"]))
+                line = line.replace('@SUBFOLDER@', os.path.join(data[key]["location"], ''))
+                line = line.replace('@TOCROWS@', toc_rows)
+                line = line.replace('@SOURCEROWS@', source_rows)
+                out.write(line)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Domains added below will be ignored, For example:
+# your-domain-name.com
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				{"fakenews-gambling-porn": {"location": "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/", "entries": 52396, "sourcesdata": [{"name": "Steven Black's ad-hoc list", "description": "Additional sketch domains as I come across them.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts", "license": "MIT"}, {"name": "Malware Domain List", "description": "Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project.", "homeurl": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/", "frequency": "weekly", "issues": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php", "url": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt", "license": "'can be used for free by anyone'"}, {"name": "add.Dead", "description": "Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "add.Spam", "description": "Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "Dan Pollock \u2013 [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org)", "description": "How to make the internet not suck (as much).", "homeurl": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "hosts@someonewhocares.org", "url": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts", "license": "non-commercial with attribution"}, {"name": "MVPS hosts file", "description": "The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.", "homeurl": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/", "frequency": "monthly", "issues": "mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com", "url": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt", "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"}, {"name": "yoyo.org", "description": "Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames.", "homeurl": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "mailto:pgl@yoyo.org", "url": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0"}, {"name": "Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts", "description": "Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers", "homeurl": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts", "frequency": "weekly", "issues": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts", "license": "'non-commercial with attribution'"}, {"name": "CoinBlocker", "description": "Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications", "homeurl": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues", "url": "https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser", "license": "GPLv3"}, {"name": "UncheckyAds", "description": "Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts"}, {"name": "add.2o7Net", "description": "2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts", "license": "GPLv3+"}, {"name": "KADhosts", "description": "Fraud/adware/scam websites.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts", "frequency": "frequently", "issues": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt", "license": "GPLv3"}, {"name": "AdAway", "description": "AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.", "homeurl": "https://adaway.org/", "frequency": "occasionally", "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues", "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt", "license": "CC BY 3.0"}, {"name": "add.Risk", "description": "Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.", "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras", "frequency": "occasionallyLine truncated