Release 2.5.11

Updates from yoyo.org, mvps.org, KADhosts, and Badd-Boyz.
Issue #1050 : add domains related to castoola.com.
2026-11-12 22:18:19 +00:00 · 2019-09-19 11:58:02 -04:00 · 2019-09-19 11:57:23 -04:00 · 2019-09-18 11:25:32 -04:00 · 2019-09-10 15:34:50 -04:00 · 2019-09-10 21:02:07 +02:00
120 changed files with 807200 additions and 172174 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+root = true
+
+[*.py]
+indent_style = space
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+indent_size = 4
+end_of_line = LF
+
+[*.md]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = false
+insert_final_newline = true
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Configuration for welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/welcome
+
+# Configuration for new-issue-welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/new-issue-welcome
+
+# Comment to be posted to on first time issues
+newIssueWelcomeComment: >
+  Hello!  Thank you for opening your first issue in this repo.  It’s people like you who make these host files better!
+
+# Configuration for new-pr-welcome - https://github.com/behaviorbot/new-pr-welcome
+
+# Comment to be posted to on PRs from first time contributors in your repository
+newPRWelcomeComment: >
+  Thank you for submitting this pull request! We’ll get back to you as soon as we can!
+
+# Configuration for first-pr-merge - https://github.com/behaviorbot/first-pr-merge
+
+# Comment to be posted to on pull requests merged by a first time user
+firstPRMergeComment: >
+  Congratulations on merging your first pull request! 🎉🎉🎉
+
+# It is recommend to include as many gifs and emojis as possible!
@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
+.idea
+*.iml
 myhosts
+blacklist
 whitelist
 readmeData.json
 hosts-*
+/web.config
+/__pycache__
+/node_modules
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "src": {
+    "tagName": "v%s",
+    "commitArgs": "-S",
+    "tagArgs": "-S"
+  },
+  "github": {
+    "release": true
+  },
+  "npm": {
+    "publish": false,
+    "publishPath": ".",
+    "tag": "latest",
+    "private": false,
+    "access": null
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+notifications:
+  email: false
+
+language: generic
+
+sudo: false
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - $HOME/miniconda3
+
+before_cache:
+  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/pkgs/cache
+  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts
+  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/conda-meta/history
+  - touch $HOME/miniconda3/conda-meta/history
+
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+
+env:
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.5"
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.6"
+  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.7"
+
+before_install:
+  - export PATH="$HOME/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
+
+install:
+  - ci/install_conda.sh
+  - ci/setup_conda_env.sh
+
+script:
+  - ci/test.sh
+  - ci/lint.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 60,070 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) containing 57,596 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) containing 47,987 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) containing 45,512 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) containing 57,798 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) containing 55,324 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) containing 45,715 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with fakenews extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) containing 43,240 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).
+
+
+### List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+
+
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.
+
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+
+
+
+## Extensions
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+
+## Generate your own unified hosts file
+
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.
+
+### Usage
+
+#### Using Python 3:
+
+    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+
+#### Command line options:
+
+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
+`--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,
+
+* Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.
+
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.
+
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.
+
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.
+
+`--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.
+
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
+
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.
+
+## How do I control which sources are unified?
+
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.
+
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.
+
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.
+
+
+## What is a hosts file?
+
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.
+
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.
+
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:
+
+    # block doubleClick's servers
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    # etc...
+
+
+## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
+
+
+## Location of your hosts file
+To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
+editor.
+
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.
+
+## Updating hosts file on Windows
+
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```
+
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:
+
+**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"
+
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```
+
+### Linux
+
+Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
+
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`
+
+**Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`
+
+**Fedora Linux**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Network Manager**: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager.service`
+
+**Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`
+
+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
+**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+
+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.
+
+## Goals of this unified hosts file
+
+The goals of this repo are to:
+
+1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,
+
+2. provide easy extensions,
+
+3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,
+
+4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.
+
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+curation is expected.
+
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
+
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,119 @@
-#Unified hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 59,128 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 33,358 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +121,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +273,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +302,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +348,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +393,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,117 @@
-#Unified hosts file with gambling, porn extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) containing 56,654 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) containing 33,250 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +119,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +271,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +300,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +346,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +391,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,115 @@
-#Unified hosts file with gambling, social extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) containing 47,045 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) containing 28,108 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +117,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +269,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +298,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +344,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +389,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,113 @@
-#Unified hosts file with gambling extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with gambling extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 44,570 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 28,000 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +115,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +267,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +296,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +342,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +387,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,118 @@
-#Unified hosts file with porn, social extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with porn, social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) containing 56,856 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) containing 32,643 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +120,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +272,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +301,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +347,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +392,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,116 @@
-#Unified hosts file with porn extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with porn extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) containing 54,382 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) containing 32,535 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +118,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +270,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +299,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +345,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +390,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,49 +1,114 @@
-#Unified hosts file with social extensions
+----
+**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.

-This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them into various unified hosts files
-with duplicates removed.
+----
+
+![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+[![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
+[![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
+[![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
+[![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+[![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
+
+# Unified hosts file with social extensions
+
+This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
+into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.
+
+* Last updated: **September 19 2019**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) containing 44,773 entries.
+* Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).

-* Here's the [raw hosts file](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) containing 27,393 entries.
-* Last updated: **March 25 2016**.

 ### List of all hosts file variants

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains
---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 27,285
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 28,000
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 32,535
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 27,393
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 33,250
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 28,108
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 32,643
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 33,358
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.
+
+The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
+with Github download links.
+
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 42,298 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 43,240 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 44,570 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 54,382 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 44,773 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 45,512 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 55,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 45,715 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 56,654 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 47,045 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 56,856 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 57,596 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 47,987 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 57,798 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 59,128 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 60,070 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


-**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless of OS.
+**Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
+of OS.

-## Sources of hosts data unified here
+## Sources of hosts data unified in this variant
+
+Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and
+included:
+
+Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
+-----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
+Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues) 
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
+CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0  | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues) 

-Updated `hosts` files from the following locations are always unified and included:

-* The [Adaway hosts file](http://adaway.org/hosts.txt), updated regularly.
-* MVPs.org Hosts file at [http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.htm), updated
-monthly, or thereabouts.
-* Dan Pollock at [http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/](http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) updated regularly.
-* Malware Domain List at [http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/](http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/), updated regularly.
-* Peter Lowe at [http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/](http://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/), updated regularly.
-* My own small list in raw form [here](https://raw.github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  You manage extensions by curating the `extensions/` folder tree.
-See the `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension which are included in this repo, for example.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.
+
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways wth the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+
+Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script, which is python 2.7 and Python 3-compatible, will generate a unified hosts file
-based on the sources in the local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you Whether it should fetch updated
-versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's folder), otherwise it will use the
-`hosts` file that's already there.
+To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First install the dependencies with:
+
+    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+
+**Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).
+
+To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+
+    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
+will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

 ### Usage

@@ -51,72 +116,149 @@ versions (from locations defined by the update.info text file in each source's f

    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]

-#### Using Python 2.7:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
-
 #### Command line options:

+`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+
 `--auto`, or `-a`: run the script without prompting. When `--auto` is invoked,

 * Hosts data sources, including extensions, are updated.
-* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag to include any you want.
-* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace` flag.
+* No extensions are included by default.  Use the `--extensions` or `-e` flag
+to include any you want.
+* Your active hosts file is *not* replaced unless you include the `--replace`
+flag.

-`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts file with the new hosts file. Use along with `--auto` to
-force replacement.
+`--backup`, or `-b`: Make a backup of existing hosts file(s) as you generate
+over them.

-`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names
+of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
+category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
+`--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--extensions <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`, or `-e <ext1> <ext2> <ext3>`: the names of subfolders below the `extensions` folder
-containing additional category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example: `--extensions porn` or
-`-e social porn`.
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
+Only active when `--replace` is also active.
+
+`--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
+target.  Default is `0.0.0.0`.
+
+`--keepdomaincomments`, or `-k`: `true` (default) or `false`, keep the comments
+that appear on the same line as domains.  The default is `true`.

 `--noupdate`, or `-n`: skip fetching updates from hosts data sources.

-`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not
-exist, it will be created.
+`--output <subfolder>`, or `-o <subfolder>`: place the generated source file
+in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.

-`--help`, or `-h`: display help.
+`--replace`, or `-r`: trigger replacing your active hosts
+
+`--skipstatichosts`, or `-s`: `false` (default) or `true`, omit the standard
+section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
+useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.
+
+`--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
+ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
+domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
+the performances under Windows (with DNS Client service enabled).
+
+`--minimise`, or `-m`: `false` (default) or `true`, like `--compress`, but puts
+each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
+of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
+allows multiple hosts on a single line.

 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/` folder, and specify its update url in
-`update.info` file.
+Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

-Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the `extensions/` folder.  Again the url in
-`update.info` controls where this extension finds its updates.
+Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
+`extensions/` folder.  Again the url in `update.json` controls where this
+extension finds its updates.

-## How do I incorporate my own hosts?
+Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
+listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
+unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
+included, and may be modified as you desire.
+
+  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?
+
+If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents
+of this file are prepended to the unified hosts file during the update
+process.
+
+The `myhosts` file is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.
+
+### How do I prevent domains from being included?
+
+The domains you list in the `whitelist` file are excluded from the final hosts
+file.
+
+The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
+`google-analytics.com`, that domain and all its subdomains won't be merged
+into the final hosts file.
+
+The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+
+## How can I contribute hosts records?
+
+If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some ways to contribute them.
+
+### Option 1: contact one of our hosts sources
+
+The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.
+
+
+### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+
+Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).
+
+Then, submit a pull request.
+
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+
+If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

-If you have custom hosts records, place them in file `myhosts`.  The contents of this file are prepended to the
-unified hosts file during the update process.

 ## What is a hosts file?

-A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file used by all operating
-systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.
+A hosts file, named `hosts` (with no file extension), is a plain-text file
+used by all operating systems to map hostnames to IP addresses.

-In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.  Therefore if a domain name is
-resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never leaves your computer.
+In most operating systems, the `hosts` file is preferential to `DNS`.
+Therefore if a domain name is resolved by the `hosts` file, the request never
+leaves your computer.

-Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware, and other irritants.
+Having a smart `hosts` file goes a long way towards blocking malware, adware,
+and other irritants.

-For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these lines to your hosts
-file will do it:
+For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
+lines to your hosts file will do it:

    # block doubleClick's servers
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    127.0.0.1 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
    # etc...


 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`
-Using `0.0.0.0` is faster because you don't have to wait for a timeout. It also does not interfere
-with a web server that may be running on the local PC.
+
+Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.
+
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
+or non applicable target.
+
+Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
+interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

 ## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
@@ -126,21 +268,26 @@ We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` folder.
+**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.

-**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` folder.
+**Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

-## Reloading hosts file
-Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
-manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+## Updating hosts file on Windows

-### Mac OS X
-Open a Terminal and run:
+On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
+work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
+for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:

-`sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
+```
+updateHostsWindows.bat
+```

-### Windows
-Open a Command Prompt:
+This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
+replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
+saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+
+To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

 **Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`

@@ -150,14 +297,43 @@ Open a Command Prompt:
 **Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
 "Run as Administrator"

-and run:
+**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+"Run as Administrator"

-`ipconfig /flushdns`
+You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.
+
+## Reloading hosts file
+Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
+manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.
+
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Windows
+
+Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+ipconfig /flushdns
+```
+
+|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
+:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
+
+```
+sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
+sc stop "Dnscache"
+```

 ### Linux
+
 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

-**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo /etc/rc.d/init.d/nscd restart`
+**Debian/Ubuntu** `sudo service network-manager restart`
+
+**Linux Mint** `sudo /etc/init.d/dns-clean start`

 **Linux with systemd**: `sudo systemctl restart network.service`

@@ -167,8 +343,38 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 **Arch Linux/Manjaro with Wicd**: `sudo systemctl restart wicd.service`

+**RHEL/Centos**: `sudo /etc/init.d/network restart`
+
+**FreeBSD**: `sudo service nscd restart`
+
+To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:
+
+```
+sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
+sudo service nscd start
+```
+
+Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:
+
+```
+hosts: cache files dns
+```
+
 **Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

+### Mac OS X
+
+Open a Terminal and run:
+```
+sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
+```
+
+## Release management
+
+This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release
+tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
+[.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file

@@ -182,13 +388,44 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 4. and keep the resultant file reasonably sized.

-A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A hosts source should be frequently
-updated by its maintainers with both additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
+A high-quality source is defined here as one that is actively curated.  A
+hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
+additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](http://hosts-file.net) is **not** included
-here because it is very large (300,000+ entries) and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation
-activity.
+For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
+is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
+and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.

-It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile devices under a variety of operating
-systems.
+It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
+devices under a variety of operating systems.
+
+## Third-Party Hosts Managers
+
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!
+
+## Interesting Applications
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the github repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+
+* [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.
+
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+
+* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# blacklist
+#
+# The contents of this file (containing a listing of additional domains in
+# 'hosts' file format) are appended to the unified hosts file during the
+# update process. For example, uncomment the following line to block
+# 'example.com':
+
+# 0.0.0.0 example.com
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -d "$HOME/miniconda3" ] && [ -e "$HOME/miniconda3/bin/conda" ]; then
+    echo "Miniconda install already present from cache: $HOME/miniconda3"
+    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts  # Just in case...
+else
+    echo "Installing Miniconda..."
+    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3  # Just in case...
+
+    if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]; then
+        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
+    else
+        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
+    fi
+
+    bash miniconda.sh -b -p "$HOME/miniconda3" || exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Configuring Miniconda..."
+conda config --set ssl_verify false || exit 1
+conda config --set always_yes true --set changeps1 false || exit 1
+
+echo "Updating Miniconda"
+conda update conda
+conda update --all
+conda info -a || exit 1
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Linting repository..."
+source activate hosts
+
+flake8 --max-line-length 120
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Creating a Python $PYTHON_VERSION environment"
+conda create -n hosts python=$PYTHON_VERSION || exit 1
+source activate hosts
+
+echo "Installing packages..."
+conda install flake8 beautifulsoup4 lxml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+echo "Running unittests..."
+source activate hosts
+
+python testUpdateHostsFile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
+contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
+our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression,
+level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal
+appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
+include:
+
+* Using welcoming and inclusive language
+* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
+* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
+* Focusing on what is best for the community
+* Showing empathy towards other community members
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
+ advances
+* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
+ address, without explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+ professional setting
+
+## Our Responsibilities
+
+Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
+behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
+reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
+that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
+permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
+threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
+when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
+representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
+address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
+further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported by contacting the project team at hosts@sbc.io. All
+complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
+is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
+obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.
+Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
+faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other
+members of the project's leadership.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
+available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Codebase Structure
+
+These are the folders and some key files used to generate and store various unified hosts files.
+
+## Data folders
+
+There are two facets of the hosts files generated by
+[/updateHostsFile.py](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/updateHostsFile.py):
+
+### Basic hosts
+Basic hosts are domains that purvey advertising, malware, tracking, coin
+mining and other abominable behavior. These hosts are included in all our products.
+
+The [/data](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/data) folder holds the
+metadata and latest hosts for all our basic hosts sources. The hosts are updated
+automatically by`/updateHostsFile.py` which iterates all the subfolders within `./data`.
+
+### Optional hosts extensions
+Hosts extensions include domains that push potentially addictive content like `porn`, `fake news`,
+`gambling`, and `social` media.
+
+The [/extensions](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder holds
+metadata and latest hosts for all our basic hosts sources. The hosts are updated
+automatically by`/updateHostsFile.py` which iterates all the subfolders within `./extensions`.
+
+## Product folders
+
+### Basic hosts
+The [basic hosts file](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/hosts), containing
+just adware, malware, etc, is stored in the root folder of this repository.
+
+The [/hosts/alternates](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) this folder
+contains the products of `updateHostsFile.py`, one subfolder for each permutation of
+`fakenews`, `gambling`, `porn`, and `social` media hosts, all of which include the base extensions
+containing hosts that block adware, malware, tracking, etc.
+
+## Other notable files
+
+ [./readme_template.md](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme_template.md):
+This file is used to generate the all the various readme files in this repository.  Therefore,
+if you wish to change the readme, you need to change only this file.
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Contributing Guide
+
+Contributing to Hosts is easy. This document shows you how to get started
+
+## General
+- The [Codebase Structure](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/codebase_structure.md) has
+detailed information about how the various folders and files in this project are structured.
+
+## Submitting changes
+
+- Fork the repo
+  - <https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/fork>
+- Check out a new branch based and name it to what you intend to do:
+  - Example:
+    ````
+    $ git checkout -b BRANCH_NAME
+    ````
+    If you get an error, you may need to fetch first, by using
+    ````
+    $ git remote update && git fetch
+    ````
+  - Use one branch per fix / feature
+- Commit your changes
+  - Please provide a git message that explains what you've done
+  - Please make sure your commits follow the [conventions](https://gist.github.com/robertpainsi/b632364184e70900af4ab688decf6f53#file-commit-message-guidelines-md)
+  - Commit to the forked repository
+  - Example:
+    ````
+    $ git commit -am 'Add some fooBar'
+    ````
+- Push to the branch
+  - Example:
+    ````
+    $ git push origin BRANCH_NAME
+    ````
+- Make a pull request
+  - Make sure you send the PR to the <code>BRANCH_NAM</code> branch
+
+If you follow these instructions, your Pull Request will land safely!
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts",
+    "description": "Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts",
+    "frequency": "weekly",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts",
+    "license": "'non-commercial with attribution'"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "CoinBlocker",
+  "description": "Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications",
+  "homeurl": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists",
+  "frequency": "frequently",
+  "issues": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues",
+  "url": "https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser",
+  "license": "GPLv3"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "KADhosts",
+    "description": "Fraud/adware/scam websites.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt",
+    "license": "GPLv3"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Steven Black's ad-hoc list",
+    "description": "Additional sketch domains as I come across them.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+0.0.0.0 cdn.appround.biz
+0.0.0.0 cdn.download.sweetpacks.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.insta.playbryte.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.msdwnld.com
+0.0.0.0 cdn.mypcbackup.com
+0.0.0.0 inno.bisrv.com
+0.0.0.0 installer.betterinstaller.com
+0.0.0.0 installer.filebulldog.com
+0.0.0.0 nsis.bisrv.com
+0.0.0.0 tracking.opencandy.com.s3.amazonaws.com
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+    "name": "UncheckyAds",
+    "description": "Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts"
+}
@@ -2,9 +2,10 @@
 # Blocking mobile ad providers and some analytics providers
 # 
 # Contribute:
-# Create an issue at https://github.com/dschuermann/ad-away/issues
+# Create an issue at https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues
 #
 # Changelog:
+# 2016-07-18 Now hosted on GitHub + Cloudflare
 # 2014-05-18 Now with a valid SSL certificate available at https://adaway.org/hosts.txt
 # 2013-03-29 Integrated some hosts from
 #            http://adblock.gjtech.net/?format=hostfile
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@
 127.0.0.1 apps.buzzcity.net
 127.0.0.1 ads.mobgold.com
 127.0.0.1 android.bcfads.com
-127.0.0.1 req.appads.com
 127.0.0.1 show.buzzcity.net
 127.0.0.1 api.analytics.omgpop.com
 127.0.0.1 r.edge.inmobicdn.net
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 127.0.0.1 static.estebull.com
 127.0.0.1 mobile.Banzai.it
 127.0.0.1 ads.xxxad.net
-127.0.0.1 hhbekxxw5d9e.pflexads.com
 127.0.0.1 img.ads.mojiva.com
 127.0.0.1 adcontent.saymedia.com
 127.0.0.1 ads.saymedia.com
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@
 127.0.0.1 ads2.mediaarmor.com
 127.0.0.1 cdn.nearbyad.com
 127.0.0.1 ads.ookla.com
-127.0.0.1 mobiledl.adboe.com
+127.0.0.1 mobiledl.adobe.com
 127.0.0.1 ads.flurry.com
 127.0.0.1 gemini.yahoo.com

@@ -495,6 +494,9 @@
 127.0.0.1 ifc.inmobi.com
 127.0.0.1 thinknear-hosted.thinknearhub.com

+# [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.buymeapie.bmap]
+127.0.0.1 ads.adadapted.com
+
 #
 # ANALYTICS
 #
@@ -520,4 +522,4 @@
 # [EFF Tracker Detection]
 127.0.0.1 trackersimulator.org
 127.0.0.1 eviltracker.net
-127.0.0.1 do-not-tracker.org
+127.0.0.1 do-not-tracker.org
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-http://adaway.org/hosts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "AdAway",
+    "description": "AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.",
+    "homeurl": "https://adaway.org/",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "CC BY 3.0"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.2o7Net",
+    "description": "2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+0.0.0.0 avast-downloads.com
+0.0.0.0 blacksnake.com
+0.0.0.0 europcareer.com
+0.0.0.0 get-avast.com
+0.0.0.0 google-docs.info
+0.0.0.0 gooqleapi.com
+0.0.0.0 iphonegames3g.com
+0.0.0.0 jmp2click.com
+0.0.0.0 microsoft-update.name
+0.0.0.0 paypai.org
+0.0.0.0 sunonsunday.com
+0.0.0.0 thesunonsunday.com
+0.0.0.0 toolbar.wibiya.com
+0.0.0.0 www.avast-downloads.com
+0.0.0.0 www.europcareer.com
+0.0.0.0 www.get-avast.com
+0.0.0.0 www.google-docs.info
+0.0.0.0 www.iphonegames3g.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jmp2click.com
+0.0.0.0 www.microsoft-update.name
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Dead",
+    "description": "Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Risk",
+    "description": "Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+0.0.0.0 100.1qingdao.com
+0.0.0.0 7minuteworkout.com
+0.0.0.0 addshoppers.com
+0.0.0.0 affiliatecashpile.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 arklighting.co
+0.0.0.0 bigpayout.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 brandedleadgeneration.com
+0.0.0.0 clicktshirtprinting.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 creditauthpagev3.info
+0.0.0.0 dandingo.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 defenderxtactical.com
+0.0.0.0 divisioncore.com
+0.0.0.0 fitnesshealthreporter.com
+0.0.0.0 freeforums.org
+0.0.0.0 go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 gtradersoft.com
+0.0.0.0 heartrevitalized.com
+0.0.0.0 janeaustenjoy.com
+0.0.0.0 lazyprofits.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 medtecchina.com
+0.0.0.0 motoren.ru
+0.0.0.0 mydreamdegree.com
+0.0.0.0 nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 news.nero-emea.com
+0.0.0.0 news.nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 novastarled.com
+0.0.0.0 offerscience.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 onlineloan-personal.net
+0.0.0.0 otherinbox.com
+0.0.0.0 pcbutts1-therealtruth.blogspot.com
+0.0.0.0 playlott.com
+0.0.0.0 profitsitesbiz.com
+0.0.0.0 redhotfreebies.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 securesignupoffers.org
+0.0.0.0 stsoftware.biz
+0.0.0.0 tekindustri.upnjatim.ac.id
+0.0.0.0 thedatingconference.com
+0.0.0.0 tinaborg.com
+0.0.0.0 unionleisurewear.com
+0.0.0.0 vntanktransport.com
+0.0.0.0 vydoxtrial.com
+0.0.0.0 www.7minuteworkout.com
+0.0.0.0 www.addshoppers.com
+0.0.0.0 www.arklighting.co
+0.0.0.0 www.brandedleadgeneration.com
+0.0.0.0 www.clicktshirtprinting.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 www.creditauthpagev3.info
+0.0.0.0 www.defenderxtactical.com
+0.0.0.0 www.divisioncore.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fitnesshealthreporter.com
+0.0.0.0 www.freeforums.org
+0.0.0.0 www.go2jump.org
+0.0.0.0 www.gtradersoft.com
+0.0.0.0 www.heartrevitalized.com
+0.0.0.0 www.janeaustenjoy.com
+0.0.0.0 www.medtecchina.com
+0.0.0.0 www.motoren.ru
+0.0.0.0 www.mydreamdegree.com
+0.0.0.0 www.nero-us.com
+0.0.0.0 www.novastarled.com
+0.0.0.0 www.onlineloan-personal.net
+0.0.0.0 www.otherinbox.com
+0.0.0.0 www.oz-offers.com
+0.0.0.0 www.playlott.com
+0.0.0.0 www.profitsitesbiz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.securesignupoffers.org
+0.0.0.0 www.stsoftware.biz
+0.0.0.0 www.thedatingconference.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tinaborg.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tkdami.net
+0.0.0.0 www.unionleisurewear.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vntanktransport.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vydoxtrial.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "add.Spam",
+    "description": "Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts",
+    "license": "GPLv3+"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "hostsVN",
+    "description": "Hosts block ads of Vietnamese",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Malware Domain List",
+    "description": "Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project.",
+    "homeurl": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/",
+    "frequency": "weekly",
+    "issues": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php",
+    "url": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "'can be used for free by anyone'"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "MVPS hosts file",
+    "description": "The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.",
+    "homeurl": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/",
+    "frequency": "monthly",
+    "issues": "mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com",
+    "url": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt",
+    "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org)",
+    "description": "How to make the internet not suck (as much).",
+    "homeurl": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "hosts@someonewhocares.org",
+    "url": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts",
+    "license": "non-commercial with attribution"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Tiuxo hostlist - ads",
+    "description": "Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads",
+    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
+}
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
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-127.0.0.1 compatexchange.cloudapp.net
-127.0.0.1 corp.sts.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 corpext.msitadfs.glbdns2.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 cs1.wpc.v0cdn.net
-127.0.0.1 diagnostics.support.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 feedback.search.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 feedback.windows.com
-127.0.0.1 i1.services.social.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 i1.services.social.microsoft.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 oca.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 oca.telemetry.microsoft.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 pre.footprintpredict.com
-127.0.0.1 redir.metaservices.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 services.wes.df.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 settings-sandbox.data.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 sls.update.microsoft.com.akadns.net
-127.0.0.1 sqm.df.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 sqm.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 sqm.telemetry.microsoft.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 ssw.live.com
-127.0.0.1 statsfe1.ws.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 statsfe2.update.microsoft.com.akadns.net
-127.0.0.1 survey.watson.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 telecommand.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 telecommand.telemetry.microsoft.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 telemetry.urs.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 vortex-bn2.metron.live.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 vortex-cy2.metron.live.com.nsatc.net
-127.0.0.1 vortex-sandbox.data.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 vortex-win.data.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 vortex.data.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 watson.live.com
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-127.0.0.1 watson.telemetry.microsoft.com
-127.0.0.1 watson.telemetry.microsoft.com.nsatc.net
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tyzbit/hosts/master/data/tyzbit/hosts
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+    "name": "yoyo.org",
+    "description": "Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames.",
+    "homeurl": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "mailto:pgl@yoyo.org",
+    "url": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0"
+}
+
+
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+0.0.0.0 www.theunrealtimes.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tmn.today
+0.0.0.0 www.topinfopost.com
+0.0.0.0 www.trueactivist.com
+0.0.0.0 www.trunews.com
+0.0.0.0 www.truth-out.org
+0.0.0.0 www.truthandaction.org
+0.0.0.0 www.truthdig.com
+0.0.0.0 www.unz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.usanewsflash.com
+0.0.0.0 www.usanewsinsider.com
+0.0.0.0 www.usasupreme.com
+0.0.0.0 www.uspoliticslive.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vaccinationcouncil.org
+0.0.0.0 www.vdare.com
+0.0.0.0 www.veteransnewsnow.com
+0.0.0.0 www.veteranstoday.com
+0.0.0.0 www.viralthread.com
+0.0.0.0 www.voltairenet.org
+0.0.0.0 www.wakingtimes.com
+0.0.0.0 www.washingtonsblog.com
+0.0.0.0 www.webdaily.com
+0.0.0.0 www.wellaware1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.westernjournalism.com
+0.0.0.0 www.whatdoesitmean.com
+0.0.0.0 www.whatreallyhappened.com
+0.0.0.0 www.wnd.com
+0.0.0.0 www.wonkie.com
+0.0.0.0 www.worldnewspolitics.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yesimright.com
+0.0.0.0 www.youngcons.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zambianobserver.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zeppfeed.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zerohedge.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zootfeed.com
+0.0.0.0 yogurt.news
+0.0.0.0 yournationnews.com
+0.0.0.0 yournewswire.com
+0.0.0.0 youtubecensorship.com
+0.0.0.0 zombie.news
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Fake News",
+    "description": "An in-progress collection of fake news outlets.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/marktron/fakenews",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file",
+    "description": "This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Title: Snuff hosts
+
+127.0.0.1 bitcheese.net
+127.0.0.1 bestgore.com
+127.0.0.1 horriblevideos.com
+127.0.0.1 documentingreality.com
+127.0.0.1 deathaddict.com
+127.0.0.1 deathandreality.com
+127.0.0.1 gorebrasil.com
+127.0.0.1 goregrish.com
+127.0.0.1 leakreality.com
+127.0.0.1 theync.com
+127.0.0.1 miscopy.com
+127.0.0.1 mixtape.moe
+127.0.0.1 elblogdelnarco.com
+127.0.0.1 kaotic.com
+127.0.0.1 ogrish.tv
+127.0.0.1 thepinsta.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file",
+    "description": "A collection of category-specific host files.",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+0.0.0.0 002.pinknotora.net
+0.0.0.0 ac-pink.net
+0.0.0.0 azzporn.com
+0.0.0.0 babarooba.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 bbscamp.net
+0.0.0.0 boyporn.pro
+0.0.0.0 candybbwporn.com
+0.0.0.0 ceporn.net
+0.0.0.0 columbia-xxx.com
+0.0.0.0 cream-pie-porn.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 cymposium.com
+0.0.0.0 deathbyporno2.chatango.com
+0.0.0.0 deeps.net
+0.0.0.0 dennou2.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 duga.jp
+0.0.0.0 en.dmm.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 eroerozip.com
+0.0.0.0 esboss.com
+0.0.0.0 explorejapan.pw
+0.0.0.0 expo2.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 fob.jp
+0.0.0.0 freefullporno.info
+0.0.0.0 freepornvs.com
+0.0.0.0 fxporn.net
+0.0.0.0 gaypinoyporn.chatango.com
+0.0.0.0 gayporno.fm
+0.0.0.0 gfporntube.com
+0.0.0.0 hairytubeporno.com
+0.0.0.0 hakusuiriki.tv
+0.0.0.0 hentaipornpics.net
+0.0.0.0 hitozumagazo.com
+0.0.0.0 hiyoko0.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 home.uchu.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 hornymatureporn.com
+0.0.0.0 i-bbs.sijex.net
+0.0.0.0 i-like-my-blondes-dirty.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 idolzone.blog137.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 inaka.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 jams.kir.jp
+0.0.0.0 jitsuroku.kir.jp
+0.0.0.0 jkdaisuki.ad55.net
+0.0.0.0 kyobibbs.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 live.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 lolip.org
+0.0.0.0 magopro2.ero-spo.com
+0.0.0.0 marrion-av.com
+0.0.0.0 megaporn.blogspot.es
+0.0.0.0 mother-av.com
+0.0.0.0 motherpornvideos.com
+0.0.0.0 mutekiya.net
+0.0.0.0 mvideoporno.xxx
+0.0.0.0 nadeshiko.tv
+0.0.0.0 niccori.jp
+0.0.0.0 o-r-g-a-s-m-o-s.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 pics.dmm.com
+0.0.0.0 pornbimbo.com
+0.0.0.0 porndude.com
+0.0.0.0 pornhubpremium.com
+0.0.0.0 pornjapanese.pro
+0.0.0.0 pornocuanimale.online
+0.0.0.0 pornoeggs.com
+0.0.0.0 porntopic.com
+0.0.0.0 pornve.com
+0.0.0.0 pornvideoq.com
+0.0.0.0 sexyisamazing.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 shiroutotv.com
+0.0.0.0 siroutoinfo.net
+0.0.0.0 sirporno.xxx
+0.0.0.0 skyhighpremium.com
+0.0.0.0 sougouwiki.com
+0.0.0.0 spc.undo.jp
+0.0.0.0 sportseye.muvc.net
+0.0.0.0 ssl.ktfactory.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 star-porn.ml
+0.0.0.0 suppinpin.com
+0.0.0.0 surebbs.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 switch1.jp
+0.0.0.0 teatroporno.com
+0.0.0.0 teppan-av.com
+0.0.0.0 top.togeko.net
+0.0.0.0 toujyuku.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 venus-av.com
+0.0.0.0 veporns.com
+0.0.0.0 voyeurporntube.me
+0.0.0.0 vqporn.com
+0.0.0.0 www.100kabijin.com
+0.0.0.0 www.3dvdiso.com
+0.0.0.0 www.academic-co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.air-boob.com
+0.0.0.0 www.akiba-online.com
+0.0.0.0 www.akiba-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aknr.com
+0.0.0.0 www.alex-jg.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.alicejapan.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.amorz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.animalijo.com
+0.0.0.0 www.anna-and-hanako.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.aquawave.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.arashi-supergirl.com
+0.0.0.0 www.arena-corp.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aroma-p.com
+0.0.0.0 www.art-sm.com
+0.0.0.0 www.athenaeizou.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.athenaeizou.com
+0.0.0.0 www.attackers.net
+0.0.0.0 www.attone.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.audazweb.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aurora-pro.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-a-box.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-apa.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-e-body.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-hibino.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-karma.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-opera.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.avs-video.com
+0.0.0.0 www.baby-baby-baby.cc
+0.0.0.0 www.baltan-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.beauty-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.befreebe.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bi-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bibian-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bigmorkal.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bijinhyakka.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.boots-yakata.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bravo-bravo.net
+0.0.0.0 www.btc.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bullitt.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.bz-zone.com
+0.0.0.0 www.centervillage.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.cheersuki.net
+0.0.0.0 www.cherries.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.choi-waru.com
+0.0.0.0 www.cinemagic.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.cocoa-soft.net
+0.0.0.0 www.collector-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.comusume.net
+0.0.0.0 www.crosscross.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.crystal-eizou.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dasdas.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.digital-ark.com
+0.0.0.0 www.dmm.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dogma.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dse-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.dt01.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.e-corona.com
+0.0.0.0 www.elog-ch.net
+0.0.0.0 www.emmanuelle-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.eroita.net
+0.0.0.0 www.eroshearts.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fa-pro.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fantadream.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fantasista-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.feitish.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fitch-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fullsail-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fv-candy.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.garcon-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.garcon1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.gas-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ge-kko.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.glayz.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.gloryquest.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.gme-inc.net
+0.0.0.0 www.hajimekikaku.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hamajim.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hatsudori.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hmp.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.hmvision.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hot-et.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hpsart.net
+0.0.0.0 www.hrc-av.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.hunter-pp.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.i-dol.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.ibworks.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.ideapocket.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ienergy1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ifrit-fv.net
+0.0.0.0 www.indies-av.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.j-model.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.jade-net-home.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jah.ne.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.jewel-2001.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jns-grp.net
+0.0.0.0 www.kasakura.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kawaiikawaii.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kichu.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kirakira-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.km-produce.com
+0.0.0.0 www.knights-visual.com
+0.0.0.0 www.kobayashi-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.koyacho.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ks-p.com
+0.0.0.0 www.kuki.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kyosui.net
+0.0.0.0 www.lady2.net
+0.0.0.0 www.little-mango.com
+0.0.0.0 www.love2bbs.com
+0.0.0.0 www.lustrous2ft.com
+0.0.0.0 www.madonna-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.maria-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.marx.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.max-a.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.maxing.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.mediabank.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.mgstage.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milky-cat.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milky.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.milkyprin.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milu-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.minimum-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mobs.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.moodyz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mousouzoku-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mozakin.com
+0.0.0.0 www.museum-next.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.mutekimuteki.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mvg.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.nagae-style.com
+0.0.0.0 www.nakedfilm.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.nanpa-japan.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.naturalhigh.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.next11.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.night24.com
+0.0.0.0 www.non-non.info
+0.0.0.0 www.nuruai.com
+0.0.0.0 www.onair-e-net.com
+0.0.0.0 www.oppai-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.otona-times.com
+0.0.0.0 www.p-fw.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.p-jade.com
+0.0.0.0 www.palplanning.com
+0.0.0.0 www.pierrot-net.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.pinknotora.net
+0.0.0.0 www.plum-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.pornograph.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.premium-beauty.com
+0.0.0.0 www.prestige-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.r-e-d.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.radix-net.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ran-maru.com
+0.0.0.0 www.realworks.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.rocket-inc.net
+0.0.0.0 www.rookie-av.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.royalart.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.ruby-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.s-cute.com
+0.0.0.0 www.s1s1s1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sadistic-v.com
+0.0.0.0 www.saiminou.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sakurakikaku.net
+0.0.0.0 www.sexia.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.shanimuni.net
+0.0.0.0 www.shinoda-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.shitagi.org
+0.0.0.0 www.shuttle-japan.com
+0.0.0.0 www.side-b.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.sod.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sodc.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sosoru-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sq4610.com
+0.0.0.0 www.starparadise.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.styleart.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sugarworks.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sukebegazou.com
+0.0.0.0 www.syukou-club.com
+0.0.0.0 www.takara-tv.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.takeone-nagoya.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tameikegoro.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.tenka1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tigermeisters.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tma.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.to-satsu.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tokyomotion.net
+0.0.0.0 www.top1-net.com
+0.0.0.0 www.town-net.jp/post
+0.0.0.0 www.tumanude.com
+0.0.0.0 www.uandk-idea.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.uicupid.net
+0.0.0.0 www.v-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vandr.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.videomanial.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.vr-products.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.waap.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.wanz-factory.com
+0.0.0.0 www.woman-otona.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yamiboard.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yellow-movie.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yellowbox.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.yellowduck.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.zetton-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zeus-web.net
+0.0.0.0 www2.giga-jp.com
+0.0.0.0 xvideosporno.org
+0.0.0.0 xxxpornasian.com
+0.0.0.0 yamidas.yamiboard.com
+0.0.0.0 yespornplease.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Tiuxo hostlist - pornography",
+    "description": "Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn",
+    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
+}
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 # Extensions

-Use subfolders under the `extensions` folder to house extensions to the final unified hosts file.
+Use subfolders under this `extensions` folder to house data sources for extensions to the default unified hosts file.

-Currently this repo includes three extensions: 
+Currently, this repo includes data sources for four extensions:
+
+* `fakenews` for fake news sites.
+* `gambling` for common online betting sites,
+* `porn` for porn sites, and
+* `social` for common social media sites,

-* `gambling` for common online betting sites,  
-* `social` for common social media sites, and 
-* `porn` for porn sites.  You can optionally add either or both to your final unified file.

 Here are some sample calls, which vary which extensions are included.

-**Using Python 3**:
+**Using the `updateHostsFile.py` script**:
+
+Create a hosts file that includes domain blocking for porn, social media, and gambling.

    python3 updateHostsFile.py --auto --extensions porn social gambling

@@ -18,15 +22,3 @@ or, in short form:

    python3 updateHostsFile.py -a -e porn social gambling

-
-
-**Using Python 2.7**:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py -auto --extensions porn social gambling
-
-or, in short form:
-
-    python updateHostsFile.py -a -e porn social gambling
-
-
-More built-in extensions are coming soon.
@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-# Facebook
-127.0.0.1 api.ak.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 api.connect.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 api.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 app.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 apps.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 ar-ar.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 badge.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 blog.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 connect.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 connect.facebook.net
-127.0.0.1 de-de.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 developers.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 es-la.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 external.ak.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 facebook.de
-127.0.0.1 facebook.fr
-127.0.0.1 fb.me
-127.0.0.1 fbcdn.com
-127.0.0.1 fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 fr-fr.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 graph.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 hi-in.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 it-it.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 ja-jp.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 login.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 newsroom.fb.com
-127.0.0.1 photos-b.ak.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 photos-f.ak.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 profile.ak.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 pt-br.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 ssl.connect.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 staticxx.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 static.ak.connect.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 static.ak.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 www.connect.facebook.net
-127.0.0.1 www.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 www.facebook.de
-127.0.0.1 www.facebook.fr
-127.0.0.1 www.fbcdn.com
-127.0.0.1 www.fbcdn.net
-127.0.0.1 www.login.facebook.com
-127.0.0.1 zh-cn.facebook.com
-
-# Twitter
-127.0.0.1 www.twitter.com
-127.0.0.1 twitter.com
-127.0.0.1 pbs.twimg.com
-127.0.0.1 abs.twimg.com
-127.0.0.1 syndication.twitter.com
-
-# Instagram
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-aa.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-ba.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-ca.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-da.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-ea.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-fa.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-ga.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 igcdn-photos-ha.akamaihd.net
-127.0.0.1 instagram.com
-127.0.0.1 scontent-iad3-1.cdninstagram.com
-127.0.0.1 scontent.cdninstagram.com
-127.0.0.1 www.instagram.com
-
-# LinkedIn
-127.0.0.1 static.licdn.com
-127.0.0.1 www.linkedin.com
-127.0.0.1 media.licdn.com
-127.0.0.1 platform.linkedin.com
-
-# MySpace
-127.0.0.1 browseusers.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 classifieds.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 collect.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 events.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 favorites.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 forum.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 groups.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 home.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 invite.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 linux.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 log.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 login.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 mail.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 message.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 messages.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 music.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 mx2.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 ns1.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 ns2.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 profile.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 rio.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 search.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 security.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 signup.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 videos.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vids.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 viewmorepics.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta01.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta02.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta03.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta04.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta05.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta06.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta07.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta08.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta09.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta10.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta11.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta12.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 vmta13.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 www.myspace.com
-127.0.0.1 www1.myspace.com
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`http://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`http://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tyzbit/hosts/master/data/tyzbit/hosts`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0`
				`@@ -1 +0,0 @@`
				`https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts`