Release 3.2.11

Updates from clefspeare13, yoyo.org, URLHaus, someonewhocares.org, KADhosts, Badd-Boyz, and AdAway.
Add osint.digitalside.it source to the repo.
2026-09-25 22:05:28 +01:00 · 2020-12-14 11:27:52 -05:00 · 2020-12-14 11:27:35 -05:00 · 2020-12-14 11:19:20 -05:00 · 2020-12-09 01:18:59 -05:00 · 2020-12-09 01:18:27 -05:00
105 changed files with 1111292 additions and 573337 deletions
@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@ trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 indent_size = 4
 end_of_line = LF

+[*.bat]
+end_of_line = CRLF
+
 [*.md]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = false
 insert_final_newline = true
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Enforce Unix newlines for all files
+* text=auto eol=lf
+# Enforce Windows newlines for .bat files
+*.bat text eol=crlf
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
+daysUntilStale: 120
+# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
+daysUntilClose: 14
+# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
+exemptLabels:
+  - bug
+  - discussion
+  - monitor (ongoing)
+  - enhancement
+# Label to use when marking an issue as stale
+staleLabel: wontfix
+# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
+markComment: >
+  This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
+  recent activity. It will be closed in 14 days if no further activity occurs. 
+  Thank you for your contributions.
+# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
+closeComment: >
+  Closing.
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+name: CI
+on: [push, pull_request]
+env:
+  CI: true
+
+jobs:
+  test:
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        python:
+          - 3.5
+          - 3.6
+          - 3.7
+          - 3.8
+          - 3.9
+        os:
+          - ubuntu-latest
+          - macos-latest
+          - windows-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+          architecture: "x64"
+
+      - run: python --version
+      - run: pip --version
+
+      - name: Get pip cache directory
+        id: pip-cache
+        run: |
+          echo "::set-output name=dir::$(pip cache dir)"
+
+      - name: Cache dependencies
+        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-python-v${{ matrix.python }}-${{ hashFiles('**/requirements.txt') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-python-v${{ matrix.python }}-${{ hashFiles('**/requirements.txt') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-python-v${{ matrix.python }}-
+
+      - name: Install Python dependencies
+        run: pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Run lint
+        run: flake8
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: python testUpdateHostsFile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
+# to commit it to your repository.
+#
+# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
+# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
+
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [master]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: "40 15 * * 4"
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: ['python']
+        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python' ]
+        # Learn more...
+        # https://docs.github.com/en/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#overriding-automatic-language-detection
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+    #    uses a compiled language
+
+    #- run: |
+    #   make bootstrap
+    #   make release
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@
    "release": true
  },
  "npm": {
-    "publish": false,
-    "publishPath": ".",
-    "tag": "latest",
-    "private": false,
-    "access": null
+    "publish": false
  }
 }
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-notifications:
-  email: false
-
-language: generic
-
-sudo: false
-
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - $HOME/miniconda3
-
-before_cache:
-  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/pkgs/cache
-  - rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts
-
-os:
-  - linux
-  - osx
-
-env:
-  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.5"
-  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.6"
-  - PYTHON_VERSION="3.7"
-
-before_install:
-  - export PATH="$HOME/miniconda3/bin:$PATH"
-
-install:
-  - ci/install_conda.sh
-  - ci/setup_conda_env.sh
-
-script:
-  - ci/test.sh
-  - ci/lint.sh
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "python.pythonPath": "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3"
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+FROM python:3
+
+WORKDIR /usr/src
+COPY requirements.txt ./
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
+RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts.git
+WORKDIR /usr/src/hosts
+
+# Now you launch this with
+#  $ docker build ./
+#  $ docker run -it (containerid) bash
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 53,800 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 88,257 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,63 +65,91 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -140,7 +171,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -160,6 +191,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -170,9 +206,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -182,10 +242,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -206,7 +266,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -216,16 +276,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -245,92 +304,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -353,31 +412,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -386,7 +446,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -397,25 +457,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) containing 52,324 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) containing 85,500 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,62 +65,89 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -139,7 +169,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -159,6 +189,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -169,9 +204,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -181,10 +240,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -205,7 +264,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -215,16 +274,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -244,92 +302,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -352,31 +410,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -385,7 +444,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -396,25 +455,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) containing 43,511 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) containing 66,202 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,60 +65,87 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -137,7 +167,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -157,6 +187,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -167,9 +202,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -179,10 +238,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -203,7 +262,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -213,16 +272,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -242,92 +300,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -350,31 +408,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -383,7 +442,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -394,25 +453,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) containing 42,034 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) containing 63,444 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,59 +65,85 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -136,7 +165,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -156,6 +185,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -166,9 +200,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -178,10 +236,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -202,7 +260,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -212,16 +270,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -241,92 +298,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -349,31 +406,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -382,7 +440,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -393,25 +451,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) containing 51,534 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) containing 85,933 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,62 +65,90 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -139,7 +170,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -159,6 +190,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -169,9 +205,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -181,10 +241,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -205,7 +265,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -215,16 +275,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -244,92 +303,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -352,31 +411,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -385,7 +445,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -396,25 +456,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) containing 50,058 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) containing 83,176 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,61 +65,88 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -138,7 +168,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -158,6 +188,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -168,9 +203,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -180,10 +239,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -204,7 +263,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -214,16 +273,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -243,92 +301,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -351,31 +409,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -384,7 +443,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -395,25 +454,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) containing 41,245 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) containing 63,878 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,59 +65,86 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -136,7 +166,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -156,6 +186,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -166,9 +201,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -178,10 +237,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -202,7 +261,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -212,16 +271,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -241,92 +299,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -349,31 +407,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -382,7 +441,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -393,25 +452,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with fakenews extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) containing 39,768 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with fakenews extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) containing 61,120 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,58 +65,84 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Fake News | An in-progress collection of fake news outlets. |[link](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/marktron/fakenews/master/fakenews) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/marktron/fakenews/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -135,7 +164,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -155,6 +184,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -165,9 +199,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -177,10 +235,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -201,7 +259,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -211,16 +269,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -240,92 +297,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -348,31 +405,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -381,7 +439,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -392,25 +450,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
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-
 # Unified hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 53,131 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) containing 86,062 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,62 +65,90 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -139,7 +170,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -159,6 +190,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -169,9 +205,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -181,10 +241,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -205,7 +265,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -215,16 +275,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -244,92 +303,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -352,31 +411,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -385,7 +445,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -396,25 +456,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
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-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
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 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with gambling, porn extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) containing 51,655 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) containing 83,305 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,61 +65,88 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -138,7 +168,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -158,6 +188,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -168,9 +203,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -180,10 +239,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -204,7 +263,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -214,16 +273,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -243,92 +301,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -351,31 +409,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -384,7 +443,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -395,25 +454,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
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-
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-
 # Unified hosts file with gambling, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) containing 42,842 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) containing 64,007 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,59 +65,86 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -136,7 +166,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -156,6 +186,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -166,9 +201,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -178,10 +237,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -202,7 +261,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -212,16 +271,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -241,92 +299,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -349,31 +407,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -382,7 +441,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -393,25 +452,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with gambling extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 41,365 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with gambling extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) containing 61,249 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,58 +65,84 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Sinfonietta's gambling blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/gambling-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -135,7 +164,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -155,6 +184,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -165,9 +199,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -177,10 +235,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -201,7 +259,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -211,16 +269,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -240,92 +297,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -348,31 +405,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -381,7 +439,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -392,25 +450,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with porn, social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) containing 50,865 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn, social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) containing 83,738 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,61 +65,89 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -138,7 +169,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -158,6 +189,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -168,9 +204,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -180,10 +240,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -204,7 +264,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -214,16 +274,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -243,92 +302,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -351,31 +410,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -384,7 +444,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -395,25 +455,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with porn extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) containing 49,389 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with porn extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) containing 80,981 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,60 +65,87 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
-pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+pornhosts -- a consolidated anti porn hosts file | This is an endeavour to find all porn domains and compile them into a single hosts to allow for easy blocking of porn on your local machine or on a network. |[link](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/master/0.0.0.0/hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Clefspeare13/pornhosts/issues)
+Sinfonietta's porn blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/pornography-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Sinfonietta's snuff-site blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/snuff-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - pornography | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -137,7 +167,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -157,6 +187,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -167,9 +202,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -179,10 +238,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -203,7 +262,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -213,16 +272,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -242,92 +300,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -350,31 +408,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -383,7 +442,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -394,25 +453,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file with social extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) containing 40,576 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with social extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) containing 61,683 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,58 +65,85 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)
+Sinfonietta's social media blocking hosts file | A collection of category-specific host files. |[link](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/master/social-hosts) | occasional | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/Sinfonietta/hostfiles/issues)
+Tiuxo hostlist - social | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -135,7 +165,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -155,6 +185,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -165,9 +200,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -177,10 +236,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -201,7 +260,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -211,16 +270,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -240,92 +298,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -348,31 +406,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -381,7 +440,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -392,25 +451,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-if [ -d "$HOME/miniconda3" ] && [ -e "$HOME/miniconda3/bin/conda" ]; then
-    echo "Miniconda install already present from cache: $HOME/miniconda3"
-    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3/envs/hosts  # Just in case...
-else
-    echo "Installing Miniconda..."
-    rm -rf $HOME/miniconda3  # Just in case...
-
-    if [ "${TRAVIS_OS_NAME}" == "osx" ]; then
-        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
-    else
-        wget http://repo.continuum.io/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh -O miniconda.sh || exit 1
-    fi
-
-    bash miniconda.sh -b -p "$HOME/miniconda3" || exit 1
-fi
-
-echo "Configuring Miniconda..."
-conda config --set ssl_verify false || exit 1
-conda config --set always_yes true --set changeps1 false || exit 1
-
-echo "Updating Miniconda"
-conda update conda
-conda update --all
-conda info -a || exit 1
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-echo "Linting repository..."
-source activate hosts
-
-flake8 --max-line-length 120
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-echo "Creating a Python $PYTHON_VERSION environment"
-conda create -n hosts python=$PYTHON_VERSION || exit 1
-source activate hosts
-
-echo "Installing packages..."
-conda install flake8 beautifulsoup4 lxml
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-echo "Running unittests..."
-source activate hosts
-
-python testUpdateHostsFile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as
+contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and
+our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression,
+level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal
+appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment
+include:
+
+* Using welcoming and inclusive language
+* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
+* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
+* Focusing on what is best for the community
+* Showing empathy towards other community members
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or
+ advances
+* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
+ address, without explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+ professional setting
+
+## Our Responsibilities
+
+Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable
+behavior and are expected to take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
+
+Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or
+reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions
+that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or
+permanently any contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate,
+threatening, offensive, or harmful.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces
+when an individual is representing the project or its community. Examples of
+representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
+address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event. Representation of a project may be
+further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported by contacting the project team at hosts@sbc.io. All
+complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in a response that
+is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is
+obligated to maintain confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident.
+Further details of specific enforcement policies may be posted separately.
+
+Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good
+faith may face temporary or permanent repercussions as determined by other
+members of the project's leadership.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
+available at https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see
+https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# Codebase Structure
+
+These are the folders and some key files used to generate and store various unified hosts files.
+
+## Data folders
+
+There are two facets of the hosts files generated by
+[/updateHostsFile.py](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/updateHostsFile.py):
+
+### Basic hosts
+
+Basic hosts are domains that purvey advertising, malware, tracking, coin
+mining and other abominable behavior. These hosts are included in all our products.
+
+The [/data](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/data) folder holds the
+metadata and latest hosts for all our basic hosts sources. The hosts are updated
+automatically by `/updateHostsFile.py` which iterates all the subfolders within `./data`.
+
+### Optional hosts extensions
+
+Hosts extensions include domains that push potentially addictive content like `porn`, `fake news`,
+`gambling`, and `social` media.
+
+The [/extensions](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder holds
+metadata and latest hosts for all our basic hosts sources. The hosts are updated
+automatically by `/updateHostsFile.py` which iterates all the subfolders within `./extensions`.
+
+## Product folders
+
+### Basic hosts
+
+The [basic hosts file](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/hosts), containing
+just adware, malware, etc, is stored in the root folder of this repository.
+
+The [/hosts/alternates](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) this folder
+contains the products of `updateHostsFile.py`, one subfolder for each permutation of
+`fakenews`, `gambling`, `porn`, and `social` media hosts, all of which include the base extensions
+containing hosts that block adware, malware, tracking, etc.
+
+## Other notable files
+
+ [./readme_template.md](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme_template.md):
+This file is used to generate all the various readme files in this repository.  Therefore,
+if you wish to change the readme, you need to change only this file.
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Contributing Guide
+
+Contributing to Hosts is easy. This document shows you how to get started
+
+## General
+
+- The [Codebase Structure](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/codebase_structure.md) has
+detailed information about how the various folders and files in this project are structured.
+
+## Submitting changes
+
+- Fork the repo
+  - <https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/fork>
+- Check out a new branch based and name it to what you intend to do:
+  - Example:
+
+    ```sh
+    git checkout -b BRANCH_NAME
+    ```
+
+    If you get an error, you may need to fetch first, by using
+
+    ```sh
+    git remote update && git fetch
+    ```
+
+  - Use one branch per fix / feature
+- Commit your changes
+  - Please provide a git message that explains what you've done
+  - Please make sure your commits follow the [conventions](https://gist.github.com/robertpainsi/b632364184e70900af4ab688decf6f53#file-commit-message-guidelines-md)
+  - Commit to the forked repository
+  - Example:
+
+    ```sh
+    git commit -am 'Add some fooBar'
+    ```
+
+- Push to the branch
+  - Example:
+
+    ```sh
+    git push origin BRANCH_NAME
+    ```
+
+- Make a pull request
+  - Make sure you send the PR to the `BRANCH_NAME` branch
+
+If you follow these instructions, your Pull Request will land safely!
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
    "frequency": "weekly",
    "issues": "https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts",
-    "license": "'non-commercial with attribution'"
-}
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "name": "CoinBlocker",
-    "description": "Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications",
-    "homeurl": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists",
-    "frequency": "frequently",
-    "issues": "https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues",
-    "url": "https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser",
-    "license": "GPLv3"
-}
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
    "name": "KADhosts",
    "description": "Fraud/adware/scam websites.",
-    "homeurl": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts",
+    "homeurl": "https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/",
    "frequency": "frequently",
-    "issues": "https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues",
-    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt",
-    "license": "GPLv3"
+    "issues": "https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt",
+    "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0"
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,898 @@
+################################################################
+# abuse.ch URLhaus Host file                                   #
+# Last updated: 2020-12-14 16:19:07 (UTC)                      #
+#                                                              #
+# Terms Of Use: https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/api/                  #
+# For questions please contact urlhaus [at] abuse.ch           #
+################################################################
+#
+127.0.0.1	14936-1011.s2.webspace.re
+127.0.0.1	1am.co.nz
+127.0.0.1	21robo.com
+127.0.0.1	2203610rwd.projects-airnetwork.asia
+127.0.0.1	24kitten.com
+127.0.0.1	360.lcy2zzx.pw
+127.0.0.1	365dayscoffee.com
+127.0.0.1	379code.com
+127.0.0.1	654tyfcdr4654fytfy.top
+127.0.0.1	7alwan.net
+127.0.0.1	88canada.com
+127.0.0.1	abcd.bg
+127.0.0.1	aboveandbelow.com.au
+127.0.0.1	academyshademani.com
+127.0.0.1	accordadvertising.com
+127.0.0.1	accounting-qualifications.co.za
+127.0.0.1	acellr.co.uk
+127.0.0.1	acteon.com.ar
+127.0.0.1	activecost.com.au
+127.0.0.1	addahealingmusic.com
+127.0.0.1	admin.grandoceanvilla.com
+127.0.0.1	aeromiic.com
+127.0.0.1	afmahsports.com
+127.0.0.1	ahansatan.com
+127.0.0.1	ajstudiollc.com
+127.0.0.1	akbuildersdelhi.com
+127.0.0.1	albasisgroup.com
+127.0.0.1	alemelektronik.com
+127.0.0.1	alexian-construction.co.uk
+127.0.0.1	alfaltda.cl
+127.0.0.1	alka.institute
+127.0.0.1	allcannabismeds.com
+127.0.0.1	alosoolmedical.com
+127.0.0.1	alphagembio.com
+127.0.0.1	alquileresolavarria.com.ar
+127.0.0.1	alvisoft.in
+127.0.0.1	am-concepts.ca
+127.0.0.1	amarteargentina.com.ar
+127.0.0.1	amazedelectrical.com.au
+127.0.0.1	ambala.infoigy.com
+127.0.0.1	amgpartyrentals.com
+127.0.0.1	aminera.cl
+127.0.0.1	amistalabs.org
+127.0.0.1	amsolarturnkey.com
+127.0.0.1	andreelapeyre.com
+127.0.0.1	andremaraisbeleggings.co.za
+127.0.0.1	andreonemaia.com
+127.0.0.1	anhung1102.vn
+127.0.0.1	annabphotography.co.uk
+127.0.0.1	anvietpro.com
+127.0.0.1	anysbergbiltong.co.za
+127.0.0.1	apisms.e-mobiletech.com
+127.0.0.1	arabcoegypt.com
+127.0.0.1	arctiler.com
+127.0.0.1	areeba.eci7.com
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+127.0.0.1	sipahielektrik.com
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+127.0.0.1	skincrawling.top
+127.0.0.1	skinfolabs.com
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+127.0.0.1	spg.digitalnoirtest.net.au
+127.0.0.1	spsinghmedicine.com
+127.0.0.1	src1.minibai.com
+127.0.0.1	sriglobalit.com
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+127.0.0.1	streetdemo.yourpageserver.com
+127.0.0.1	subkuch.hashtagak.com
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+127.0.0.1	support.clz.kr
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+127.0.0.1	suriagrofresh.com
+127.0.0.1	sutomoresmestaj.net
+127.0.0.1	sw.yourpageserver.com
+127.0.0.1	sweaty.dk
+127.0.0.1	swiftlogisticseg.com
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+127.0.0.1	sylhetibeautiespower.com
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+127.0.0.1	takisaat.com
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+127.0.0.1	tarravalleyfoods.com.au
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+127.0.0.1	telescopelms.com
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+127.0.0.1	tessrobins.com
+127.0.0.1	test.88582.com
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+127.0.0.1	thuythuysanvertex.com
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+127.0.0.1	www.anysbergbiltong.co.za
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+127.0.0.1	www.bestarget.in
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+127.0.0.1	www.cushionsandumbrellas.com
+127.0.0.1	www.cwa.mx
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+127.0.0.1	www.genregis.com
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+127.0.0.1	www.lixko.com
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+127.0.0.1	www.usastudy.news
+127.0.0.1	www.valetourvirtual.com
+127.0.0.1	www.vipi.co.ke
+127.0.0.1	www.vvsskmodinationalschool.com
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+127.0.0.1	www.yuefuep.com
+127.0.0.1	wxapp.vishou.net
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+127.0.0.1	xia.beihaixue.com
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+127.0.0.1	yakimovaksyphoto.ru
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+127.0.0.1	yoast.yourpageserver.com
+127.0.0.1	yp.hnggzyjy.cn
+127.0.0.1	yun.vishou.net
+127.0.0.1	yuxigon.com
+127.0.0.1	yzkzixun.com
+127.0.0.1	znojmo.sreport.cz
+127.0.0.1	zsinstrument.com
+127.0.0.1	zylko.com
+# Number of entries: 889
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "URLHaus",
+    "description": "A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs.",
+    "homeurl": "https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/",
+    "frequency": "weekly",
+    "issues": "mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch",
+    "url": "https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/",
+    "license": "CC0"
+}
@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@
    "homeurl": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras",
    "frequency": "occasionally",
    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
-    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts"
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts",
+    "license": "MIT"
 }
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
    "name": "AdAway",
    "description": "AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file.",
    "homeurl": "https://adaway.org/",
-    "frequency": "occasionally",
-    "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues",
+    "frequency": "frequently",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0"
 }
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
    "frequency": "occasionally",
    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts",
-    "license": "GPLv3+"
+    "license": "MIT"
 }
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 toolbar.wibiya.com
 0.0.0.0 www.avast-downloads.com
 0.0.0.0 www.europcareer.com
-0.0.0.0 wwwfacebook.com
 0.0.0.0 www.get-avast.com
 0.0.0.0 www.google-docs.info
 0.0.0.0 www.iphonegames3g.com
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
    "frequency": "occasionally",
    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts",
-    "license": "GPLv3+"
+    "license": "MIT"
 }
@@ -15,16 +15,13 @@
 0.0.0.0 123go.com
 0.0.0.0 188838.parkingcrew.net
 0.0.0.0 1gavcom.popunder.ru
-0.0.0.0 1.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 1xxx.cqcounter.com
 0.0.0.0 21750.tctm.co
 0.0.0.0 2607.cn
-0.0.0.0 2.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 2.rubanners.com
 0.0.0.0 302br.net
 0.0.0.0 32e1dff65ea4eb3627ed-f1ecc94c86a56d3e42e512fcfd192886.r6.cf1.rackcdn.com
 0.0.0.0 39dvd-999.com
-0.0.0.0 3.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 404.xxxymovies.com
 0.0.0.0 4133.88.primosearch.com
 0.0.0.0 422653.parkingcrew.net
@@ -33,7 +30,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 4.collecorvino.org
 0.0.0.0 4.dlevo.com
 0.0.0.0 4.e-why.net
-0.0.0.0 4.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 4.whereinitaly.com
 0.0.0.0 4.whereinlazio.com
 0.0.0.0 4.whereinliguria.com
@@ -51,14 +47,11 @@
 0.0.0.0 5490.spedads.primosearch.com
 0.0.0.0 5.estasiatica.com
 0.0.0.0 5.eventiduepuntozero.com
-0.0.0.0 5.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 6266.570204.primosearch.com
 0.0.0.0 633642.parkingcrew.net
 0.0.0.0 6b8a953b2bf7788063d5-6e453f33ecbb90f11a62a5c376375af3.r71.cf5.rackcdn.com
-0.0.0.0 6.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 6.mamaswishes.com
 0.0.0.0 77search.com
-0.0.0.0 7.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 7metasearch.com
 0.0.0.0 7search.com
 0.0.0.0 7softwaredreams.com
@@ -258,7 +251,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 bigmart.com.np
 0.0.0.0 bigpenisguide.com
 0.0.0.0 bilbob.com
-0.0.0.0 bilder-upload.eu
 0.0.0.0 binadroid.com
 0.0.0.0 bizbor.popunder.ru
 0.0.0.0 bizneed.com
@@ -321,7 +313,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 cdn.adtrace.org
 0.0.0.0 cdn.advancedmactools.com
 0.0.0.0 cdn.ndparking.com
-0.0.0.0 cdn.onesignal.com
 0.0.0.0 cdn.opensubcontent.com
 0.0.0.0 cecash.com
 0.0.0.0 centerfind.com
@@ -707,7 +698,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 hertzsales.com
 0.0.0.0 hgtzz.com
 0.0.0.0 hidebux.com
-0.0.0.0 hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 hira.hopto.org
 0.0.0.0 historykill.com
 0.0.0.0 hitwastedgarden.com
@@ -736,7 +726,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 icracks.net
 0.0.0.0 id.get35.com
 0.0.0.0 ieginc.com
-0.0.0.0 ifastnet.com
 0.0.0.0 iframes.awempire.com
 0.0.0.0 iframes.perfectgonzo.com
 0.0.0.0 iframes.prettyincash.com
@@ -768,7 +757,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 isettatech.com
 0.0.0.0 islamipedia.org
 0.0.0.0 isuzi.com
-0.0.0.0 it.altervista.org
 0.0.0.0 i.trkjmp.com
 0.0.0.0 itunesdownloadstore.com
 0.0.0.0 ivitrine.buscape.com
@@ -1419,7 +1407,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 tar.tradedoubler.com
 0.0.0.0 tats.cecash.com
 0.0.0.0 tavelscape.com
-0.0.0.0 tb.altervista.org
 0.0.0.0 tcgtrkr.com
 0.0.0.0 tds.tuberl.com
 0.0.0.0 t.dtscout.com
@@ -1755,7 +1742,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 www.bigmart.com.np
 0.0.0.0 www.bigpenisguide.com
 0.0.0.0 www.bilbob.com
-0.0.0.0 www.bilder-upload.eu
 0.0.0.0 www.binadroid.com
 0.0.0.0 www.bizneed.com
 0.0.0.0 www.bj04.com
@@ -2005,7 +1991,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 www.hertzsales.com
 0.0.0.0 www.hgtzz.com
 0.0.0.0 www.hidebux.com
-0.0.0.0 www.hidemyass.com
 0.0.0.0 www.historykill.com
 0.0.0.0 www.hlserve.com
 0.0.0.0 www.hnskorea.co.kr
@@ -2022,7 +2007,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 www.icoocash.com
 0.0.0.0 www.icracks.net
 0.0.0.0 www.ieginc.com
-0.0.0.0 www.ifastnet.com
 0.0.0.0 www.igame4free.com
 0.0.0.0 www.i-games.biz
 0.0.0.0 www.info.com
@@ -2315,7 +2299,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 www.stop-sign.com
 0.0.0.0 www.stripteas.com
 0.0.0.0 www.sttvisa.com
-0.0.0.0 www.sugarsync.com
 0.0.0.0 www.sunidaytravel.co.uk
 0.0.0.0 www.sunonsunday.com
 0.0.0.0 www.super8service.de
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
    "frequency": "occasionally",
    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts",
-    "license": "GPLv3+"
+    "license": "MIT"
 }
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 0.0.0.0 thedatingconference.com
 0.0.0.0 tinaborg.com
 0.0.0.0 unionleisurewear.com
-0.0.0.0 va.tawk.to
 0.0.0.0 vntanktransport.com
 0.0.0.0 vydoxtrial.com
 0.0.0.0 www.7minuteworkout.com
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@
    "frequency": "occasionally",
    "issues": "https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues",
    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts",
-    "license": "GPLv3+"
+    "license": "MIT"
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "hostsVN",
+    "description": "Hosts block ads of Vietnamese",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN",
+    "frequency": "occasionally",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN",
+    "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "name": "Malware Domain List",
-    "description": "Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project.",
-    "homeurl": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/",
-    "frequency": "weekly",
-    "issues": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php",
-    "url": "https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt",
-    "license": "'can be used for free by anyone'"
-}
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
    "name": "MVPS hosts file",
    "description": "The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file.",
-    "homeurl": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/",
+    "homeurl": "https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/",
    "frequency": "monthly",
    "issues": "mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com",
-    "url": "http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt",
+    "url": "https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt",
    "license": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0"
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#######################################################################
+# The list contains uniques domains collected over                    #
+# the last 7 days by OSINT.digitalside.it and shared in piHole format.#
+# The list is released without any warranty to the end users.         #
+# INFO: info@digitalside.it                                           #
+# PGP key ID: 30B31BDA                                                #
+# PGP fingerprint: 0B4C F801 E8FF E9A3 A602  D2C7 9C36 93B2 30B3 1BDA #
+# Every link reported should be considered harmefull and should       #
+# result in an unwanted malware download. Use this file carrefully    #
+# Generated at: 2020-12-14 08:08:38                                   #
+#######################################################################
+0.0.0.0 1105355415.rsc.cdn77.org
+0.0.0.0 654tyfcdr4654fytfy.top
+0.0.0.0 88canada.com
+0.0.0.0 amgpartyrentals.com
+0.0.0.0 amsolarturnkey.com
+0.0.0.0 antipiracywsdydetectorganisationfwsfeem.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 avaconbuilders.com
+0.0.0.0 babusubramaniam.com
+0.0.0.0 bhasinbrothers.com
+0.0.0.0 bitsell.info
+0.0.0.0 c3perucorp.com
+0.0.0.0 cardvest.ng
+0.0.0.0 cedeko.ml
+0.0.0.0 climax.co.in
+0.0.0.0 cnc.c25e6559668942.xyz
+0.0.0.0 collegemonodgagny.fr
+0.0.0.0 compprotect.com
+0.0.0.0 defencedrod.in
+0.0.0.0 dosha.bg
+0.0.0.0 enugeresult.com
+0.0.0.0 eufile.info
+0.0.0.0 excursoesdeinhamais.resultaweb.com.br
+0.0.0.0 fellowfunding.com
+0.0.0.0 final.makkahkmcc.com
+0.0.0.0 findqualityparts.com
+0.0.0.0 fresnocagaragerepair.com
+0.0.0.0 gemtree.digitalnoirtest.net.au
+0.0.0.0 getmoreworkinbarnsley.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 gordana.mycpanel.rs
+0.0.0.0 greeninvestconsulting.com
+0.0.0.0 halten.in
+0.0.0.0 hellousa.info
+0.0.0.0 hosteriapuestadelsol.com
+0.0.0.0 hrmompm.com
+0.0.0.0 iexist.in
+0.0.0.0 isrmi.org
+0.0.0.0 jdpallasretail.com
+0.0.0.0 kalamiksndyonlinedeliverystoreservsnfqm.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 karmakoincodes.weebly.com
+0.0.0.0 kayisisatisi.com
+0.0.0.0 leadingpips.com
+0.0.0.0 lenhardtconsultingsolutions.com
+0.0.0.0 lissinternational.com
+0.0.0.0 liual.by
+0.0.0.0 loftkultur.binkhalidinternational.com
+0.0.0.0 marksidfgs.ug
+0.0.0.0 medicelcoolers.cn
+0.0.0.0 meetthefoundersonline.com
+0.0.0.0 mindforcehypnosis.com
+0.0.0.0 mindmill.me
+0.0.0.0 mobitel-servis.si
+0.0.0.0 mokiastrade.com
+0.0.0.0 mountainceramic.com
+0.0.0.0 myelementor.com.br
+0.0.0.0 mymilld.com
+0.0.0.0 mypolicyguide.com
+0.0.0.0 newyarlfm.weebly.com
+0.0.0.0 norkupong.com
+0.0.0.0 owl-squad.com
+0.0.0.0 partnerinyourprogress.com
+0.0.0.0 patrick.achi.residencemas.com
+0.0.0.0 phuhatpc.com
+0.0.0.0 pm.kezto.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 pool090.telepuzz.net
+0.0.0.0 postnordse.top
+0.0.0.0 prasanta.website-demos.net
+0.0.0.0 runningcrewteam.com
+0.0.0.0 sadiahyat.com
+0.0.0.0 sadiqgill.com
+0.0.0.0 saelectronicstrading.com
+0.0.0.0 servermoov.e-mobiletech.com
+0.0.0.0 shgshgsndynationalobjindustrialatsngpx.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 shreee.in
+0.0.0.0 siemensagent.com
+0.0.0.0 skincrawling.top
+0.0.0.0 sndygreenkegheedahatakankeadeshnaasnwmd.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 sodown.xyz
+0.0.0.0 sparepartiran.com
+0.0.0.0 spg.digitalnoirtest.net.au
+0.0.0.0 spsinghmedicine.com
+0.0.0.0 statusking.droidiosking.com
+0.0.0.0 sublimationdirect.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 sukusenterprises.com
+0.0.0.0 supyouryoga.com
+0.0.0.0 surveys-for-money.realcooltips.com
+0.0.0.0 tashoku.com
+0.0.0.0 textdev.cyberbox-ph.com
+0.0.0.0 thecityclub.co.in
+0.0.0.0 thisismycurrentproject.com
+0.0.0.0 trackdrillng.com
+0.0.0.0 tradestarintl.com
+0.0.0.0 usa.artillery.cf
+0.0.0.0 validserver.com
+0.0.0.0 vremenew.ddns.net
+0.0.0.0 weedcompare.co.uk
+0.0.0.0 workfinefrdysanotherrainbowlomoyentfrnew.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 wprockets.me
+0.0.0.0 wsdychnesqudusisabadassniggainthewsbkq.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 wsdyshgshgnationalobjindustrialatwsgtq.ydns.eu
+0.0.0.0 www.arctiler.com
+0.0.0.0 www.cleimmo.ma
+0.0.0.0 www.danielvandeutekom.nl
+0.0.0.0 www.fam-int.com
+0.0.0.0 www.laxmirugnaseva.online
+0.0.0.0 www.pharmainstruelec.com
+0.0.0.0 www.sodown.xyz
+0.0.0.0 www.virtech-bg.com
+0.0.0.0 www.webdispo.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "osint.digitalside.it",
+  "description": "DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list.",
+  "homeurl": "https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel",
+  "frequency": "daily",
+  "issues": "https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues",
+  "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt",
+  "license": "MIT"
+}
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 {
-    "name": "Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org)",
+    "name": "Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/)",
    "description": "How to make the internet not suck (as much).",
    "homeurl": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/",
    "frequency": "frequently",
-    "issues": "hosts@someonewhocares.org",
+    "issues": "mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org",
    "url": "https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts",
    "license": "non-commercial with attribution"
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Tiuxo hostlist - ads",
+    "description": "Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads",
+    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
+}
@@ -6,5 +6,3 @@
    "issues": "mailto:pgl@yoyo.org",
    "url": "https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0"
 }
-
-
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 # https://www.reddit.com/r/GlobalOffensiveGamble/comments/3d5fmr/list_of_csgo_gambling_websites/
 # http://www.top100bookmakers.com/completelist.php
 # https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lassekongo83/Frellwits-filter-lists/master/anti-casino-and-betting-hosts-file.txt
-# Updated October 24, 2018
+# Updated January 10, 2020

 127.0.0.1 crownbet.com.au
 127.0.0.1 crownbet.com
@@ -2115,7 +2115,6 @@
 127.0.0.1 7777.bg
 127.0.0.1 toto.bg
 127.0.0.1 lutrija.hr
-127.0.0.1 sazka.cz
 127.0.0.1 klasselotteriet.dk
 127.0.0.1 lotto.de
 127.0.0.1 lotto24.de
@@ -2209,7 +2208,6 @@
 127.0.0.1 www.7777.bg
 127.0.0.1 www.toto.bg
 127.0.0.1 www.lutrija.hr
-127.0.0.1 www.sazka.cz
 127.0.0.1 www.klasselotteriet.dk
 127.0.0.1 www.lotto.de
 127.0.0.1 www.lotto24.de
@@ -2291,3 +2289,62 @@
 127.0.0.1 www.loteria.com.ec
 127.0.0.1 www.nationallottery.co.za
 127.0.0.1 www.mylotto.co.nz
+127.0.0.1 onetpedia.net
+127.0.0.1 galaksipokerqq.com
+127.0.0.1 pokergolden.biz
+127.0.0.1 ionwin88.net
+127.0.0.1 cafecasino.lv
+127.0.0.1 mrjackpotspins.com
+127.0.0.1 cashstormslots.com
+127.0.0.1 pikakasino.com
+127.0.0.1 kalevalakasino.com
+127.0.0.1 simppeli.com
+127.0.0.1 wildz.com
+127.0.0.1 kassu.com
+127.0.0.1 campaign.rizk.com
+127.0.0.1 fi.casiplay.com
+127.0.0.1 in.casinoeuro.com
+127.0.0.1 pelaa.com
+127.0.0.1 fastbet.com
+127.0.0.1 casinogods.com
+127.0.0.1 kirsikka.com
+127.0.0.1 slottyvegas.com
+127.0.0.1 fortunelegends.com
+127.0.0.1 promotions.betsafe.com
+127.0.0.1 casinowinner.com
+127.0.0.1 turbico.com
+127.0.0.1 suomikasino.com
+127.0.0.1 templenile.com
+127.0.0.1 stakes.com
+127.0.0.1 jackpotvillage.com
+127.0.0.1 prontocasino.com
+127.0.0.1 nopeampi.com
+127.0.0.1 fi.888casino.com
+127.0.0.1 karhukasino.com
+127.0.0.1 start.duelz.com
+127.0.0.1 promotion.eurolotto.com
+127.0.0.1 hypercasino.com
+127.0.0.1 wishmaker.com
+127.0.0.1 kasinot.fi
+
+127.0.0.1 tipsport.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.tipsport.cz
+127.0.0.1 ifortuna.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.ifortuna.cz
+127.0.0.1 sazka.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.sazka.cz
+127.0.0.1 chance.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.chance.cz
+127.0.0.1 maxitip.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.maxitip.cz
+127.0.0.1 synottip.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.synottip.cz
+127.0.0.1 sport.synottip.cz
+127.0.0.1 poker.synottip.cz
+127.0.0.1 casino.synottip.cz
+127.0.0.1 pokerstars.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.pokerstars.cz
+127.0.0.1 partypoker.cz
+127.0.0.1 www.partypoker.cz
+
+127.0.0.1 www.casino.org
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Title: Snuff hosts
+
+127.0.0.1 bitcheese.net
+127.0.0.1 bestgore.com
+127.0.0.1 horriblevideos.com
+127.0.0.1 documentingreality.com
+127.0.0.1 deathaddict.com
+127.0.0.1 deathandreality.com
+127.0.0.1 gorebrasil.com
+127.0.0.1 goregrish.com
+127.0.0.1 leakreality.com
+127.0.0.1 theync.com
+127.0.0.1 miscopy.com
+127.0.0.1 mixtape.moe
+127.0.0.1 sickjunk.com
+127.0.0.1 elblogdelnarco.com
+127.0.0.1 kaotic.com
+127.0.0.1 ogrish.tv
+127.0.0.1 thepinsta.com
+127.0.0.1 vidmax.com
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+0.0.0.0 002.pinknotora.net
+0.0.0.0 85tube.com
+0.0.0.0 ac-pink.net
+0.0.0.0 actionjav.com
+0.0.0.0 adult-gazou.me
+0.0.0.0 ancensored.com
+0.0.0.0 antenna.i-like-movie.net
+0.0.0.0 asexon.com
+0.0.0.0 asiamoviepass.com
+0.0.0.0 asianscandal.net
+0.0.0.0 asianstreetmeat.com
+0.0.0.0 av-photograph.com
+0.0.0.0 avcrempie.com
+0.0.0.0 avli.me
+0.0.0.0 avwend.com
+0.0.0.0 azzporn.com
+0.0.0.0 babarooba.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 bakufu.jp
+0.0.0.0 bbscamp.net
+0.0.0.0 boyporn.pro
+0.0.0.0 candybbwporn.com
+0.0.0.0 ceporn.net
+0.0.0.0 columbia-xxx.com
+0.0.0.0 cream-pie-porn.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 cymposium.com
+0.0.0.0 deathbyporno2.chatango.com
+0.0.0.0 deeps.net
+0.0.0.0 dennou2.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 duga.jp
+0.0.0.0 en.dmm.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 ero-shame.com
+0.0.0.0 eroangle.net
+0.0.0.0 eroerozip.com
+0.0.0.0 erogazo-sekurosu.com
+0.0.0.0 erogazoo555.com
+0.0.0.0 erogazooo.club
+0.0.0.0 erogazou-choice.com
+0.0.0.0 erogazou-porn.com
+0.0.0.0 erogazou.gallery
+0.0.0.0 erogazouman.net
+0.0.0.0 erogazounosuke.com
+0.0.0.0 esboss.com
+0.0.0.0 explorejapan.pw
+0.0.0.0 expo2.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 fevian.orgdojin
+0.0.0.0 fob.jp
+0.0.0.0 freefullporno.info
+0.0.0.0 freepornvs.com
+0.0.0.0 fxporn.net
+0.0.0.0 gaypinoyporn.chatango.com
+0.0.0.0 gayporno.fm
+0.0.0.0 gfporntube.com
+0.0.0.0 hairytubeporno.com
+0.0.0.0 hakusuiriki.tv
+0.0.0.0 hentaihand.com
+0.0.0.0 hentaipornpics.net
+0.0.0.0 hipup.net
+0.0.0.0 hitozumagazo.com
+0.0.0.0 hiyoko0.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 home.uchu.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 hornymatureporn.com
+0.0.0.0 i-bbs.sijex.net
+0.0.0.0 i-like-my-blondes-dirty.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 idolzone.blog137.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 inaka.x.fc2.com
+0.0.0.0 jams.kir.jp
+0.0.0.0 japanesefuckers.com
+0.0.0.0 jav.land
+0.0.0.0 javbulk.com
+0.0.0.0 javbuz.com
+0.0.0.0 javengsub.com
+0.0.0.0 javfinder.la
+0.0.0.0 javfree.biz
+0.0.0.0 javhay.net
+0.0.0.0 javhdmovies.com
+0.0.0.0 javhihi.me
+0.0.0.0 javhub.me
+0.0.0.0 javladies.com
+0.0.0.0 javmodel.com
+0.0.0.0 javpedia.org
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+0.0.0.0 javx.cc
+0.0.0.0 javxspot.com
+0.0.0.0 javxxxvideos.com
+0.0.0.0 javynow.com
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+0.0.0.0 pics.dmm.com
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+0.0.0.0 porndude.com
+0.0.0.0 pornhubpremium.com
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+0.0.0.0 pornocuanimale.online
+0.0.0.0 pornoeggs.com
+0.0.0.0 porntopic.com
+0.0.0.0 pornve.com
+0.0.0.0 pornvideoq.com
+0.0.0.0 sexopowiadania.pl
+0.0.0.0 sexyisamazing.tumblr.com
+0.0.0.0 shiroutotv.com
+0.0.0.0 siroutoinfo.net
+0.0.0.0 sirporno.xxx
+0.0.0.0 skyhighpremium.com
+0.0.0.0 sougouwiki.com
+0.0.0.0 spc.undo.jp
+0.0.0.0 sportseye.muvc.net
+0.0.0.0 ssl.ktfactory.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 star-porn.ml
+0.0.0.0 summertimesaga.com
+0.0.0.0 suppinpin.com
+0.0.0.0 surebbs.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 svjav.com
+0.0.0.0 switch1.jp
+0.0.0.0 teatroporno.com
+0.0.0.0 teppan-av.com
+0.0.0.0 top.togeko.net
+0.0.0.0 toujyuku.ranks1.apserver.net
+0.0.0.0 tousatu-douga-youpeeber.com
+0.0.0.0 ukrafoto.com
+0.0.0.0 unjav.com
+0.0.0.0 venus-av.com
+0.0.0.0 veporns.com
+0.0.0.0 vipcle2.com
+0.0.0.0 voyeurporntube.me
+0.0.0.0 vqporn.com
+0.0.0.0 www.100kabijin.com
+0.0.0.0 www.3dvdiso.com
+0.0.0.0 www.academic-co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.air-boob.com
+0.0.0.0 www.akiba-online.com
+0.0.0.0 www.akiba-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aknr.com
+0.0.0.0 www.alex-jg.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.alicejapan.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.amorz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.animalijo.com
+0.0.0.0 www.anna-and-hanako.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.aquawave.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.arashi-supergirl.com
+0.0.0.0 www.arena-corp.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aroma-p.com
+0.0.0.0 www.art-sm.com
+0.0.0.0 www.athenaeizou.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.athenaeizou.com
+0.0.0.0 www.attackers.net
+0.0.0.0 www.attone.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.audazweb.com
+0.0.0.0 www.aurora-pro.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-a-box.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-apa.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-e-body.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-hibino.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-karma.com
+0.0.0.0 www.av-opera.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.avs-video.com
+0.0.0.0 www.baby-baby-baby.cc
+0.0.0.0 www.baltan-av.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.befreebe.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.bibian-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bigmorkal.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bijinhyakka.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.boots-yakata.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bravo-bravo.net
+0.0.0.0 www.btc.com
+0.0.0.0 www.bullitt.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.bz-zone.com
+0.0.0.0 www.centervillage.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.cheersuki.net
+0.0.0.0 www.cherries.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.choi-waru.com
+0.0.0.0 www.cinemagic.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.cocoa-soft.net
+0.0.0.0 www.collector-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.comusume.net
+0.0.0.0 www.crosscross.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.crystal-eizou.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dasdas.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.digital-ark.com
+0.0.0.0 www.dmm.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dogma.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.dse-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.dt01.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.e-corona.com
+0.0.0.0 www.elog-ch.net
+0.0.0.0 www.emmanuelle-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.erogazou-mirunavi.com
+0.0.0.0 www.eroita.net
+0.0.0.0 www.erokkuma.com
+0.0.0.0 www.eroshearts.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fa-pro.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fantadream.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fantasista-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.feitish.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fitch-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fullsail-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.fv-candy.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.garcon-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.garcon1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.gas-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ge-kko.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.glayz.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.gloryquest.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.gme-inc.net
+0.0.0.0 www.hajimekikaku.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hamajim.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hatsudori.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hmp.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.hmvision.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hot-et.com
+0.0.0.0 www.hpsart.net
+0.0.0.0 www.hrc-av.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.hunter-pp.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.i-dol.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.ibworks.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.ideapocket.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ienergy1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ifrit-fv.net
+0.0.0.0 www.indies-av.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.j-model.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.jade-net-home.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jah.ne.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.jewel-2001.com
+0.0.0.0 www.jns-grp.net
+0.0.0.0 www.kasakura.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kawaiikawaii.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kichu.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kirakira-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.km-produce.com
+0.0.0.0 www.knights-visual.com
+0.0.0.0 www.kobayashi-web.com
+0.0.0.0 www.koyacho.com
+0.0.0.0 www.ks-p.com
+0.0.0.0 www.kuki.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.kyosui.net
+0.0.0.0 www.lady2.net
+0.0.0.0 www.little-mango.com
+0.0.0.0 www.love2bbs.com
+0.0.0.0 www.lustrous2ft.com
+0.0.0.0 www.madonna-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.maria-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.marx.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.max-a.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.maxing.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.mediabank.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.mgstage.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milky-cat.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milky.tv
+0.0.0.0 www.milkyprin.com
+0.0.0.0 www.milu-av.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.moodyz.com
+0.0.0.0 www.mousouzoku-av.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.museum-next.jp
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+0.0.0.0 www.next11.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.night24.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.pinknotora.net
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+0.0.0.0 www.premium-beauty.com
+0.0.0.0 www.prestige-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.r-e-d.jp
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+0.0.0.0 www.sodc.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sosoru-web.com
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+0.0.0.0 www.starparadise.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.styleart.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sugarworks.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.sukebegazou.com
+0.0.0.0 www.syukou-club.com
+0.0.0.0 www.takara-tv.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.takeone-nagoya.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tameikegoro.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.tenka1.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tigermeisters.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tma.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.to-satsu.com
+0.0.0.0 www.tokyomotion.net
+0.0.0.0 www.top1-net.com
+0.0.0.0 www.town-net.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.tumanude.com
+0.0.0.0 www.uandk-idea.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.uicupid.net
+0.0.0.0 www.v-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.vandr.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.videomanial.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.vr-products.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.waap.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.wanz-factory.com
+0.0.0.0 www.woman-otona.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yamiboard.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yamigama.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yellow-movie.com
+0.0.0.0 www.yellowbox.co.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.yellowduck.jp
+0.0.0.0 www.zetton-av.com
+0.0.0.0 www.zeus-web.net
+0.0.0.0 www2.giga-jp.com
+0.0.0.0 xvideosporno.org
+0.0.0.0 xxxpornasian.com
+0.0.0.0 yamidas.yamiboard.com
+0.0.0.0 yamigama.com
+0.0.0.0 yespornplease.com
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Tiuxo hostlist - pornography",
+    "description": "Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/porn",
+    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
+}
@@ -16,9 +16,12 @@ Here are some sample calls, which vary which extensions are included.

 Create a hosts file that includes domain blocking for porn, social media, and gambling.

-    python3 updateHostsFile.py --auto --extensions porn social gambling
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py --auto --extensions porn social gambling
+```

 or, in short form:

-    python3 updateHostsFile.py -a -e porn social gambling
-
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py -a -e porn social gambling
+```
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+0.0.0.0 mbga.jp
+0.0.0.0 mixi.jp
+0.0.0.0 mixch.tv
+0.0.0.0 lobi.co
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+    "name": "Tiuxo hostlist - social",
+    "description": "Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking",
+    "homeurl": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts",
+    "frequency": "occasional",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues",
+    "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/social",
+    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
+}
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)

-Copyright © 2019 Steven Black
+Copyright © 2020 Steven Black

 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in
@@ -54,59 +54,89 @@ def update_readme_file():


 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Creates custom hosts "
-                                                 "file from hosts stored in "
-                                                 "data subfolders.")
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Creates custom hosts "
+        "file from hosts stored in "
+        "data subfolders."
+    )
    parser.parse_args()

-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-o",
-                      "alternates/gambling",
-                      "-e", "gambling")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/porn",
-                      "-e", "porn")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/social",
-                      "-e", "social")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews",
-                      "-e", "fakenews")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-o", "alternates/gambling", "-e", "gambling")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/porn", "-e", "porn")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/social", "-e", "social")
+    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/fakenews", "-e", "fakenews")

-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-porn",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "porn")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-social",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "social")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/gambling-porn",
-                      "-e", "gambling", "porn")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/gambling-social",
-                      "-e", "gambling", "social")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/porn-social",
-                      "-e", "porn", "social")
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/fakenews-gambling", "-e", "fakenews", "gambling"
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/fakenews-porn", "-e", "fakenews", "porn"
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/fakenews-social", "-e", "fakenews", "social"
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/gambling-porn", "-e", "gambling", "porn"
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/gambling-social", "-e", "gambling", "social"
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a", "-n", "-o", "alternates/porn-social", "-e", "porn", "social"
+    )

-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "porn")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-social",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "social")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-porn-social",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "porn", "social")
-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/gambling-porn-social",
-                      "-e", "gambling", "porn", "social")
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a",
+        "-n",
+        "-o",
+        "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn",
+        "-e",
+        "fakenews",
+        "gambling",
+        "porn",
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a",
+        "-n",
+        "-o",
+        "alternates/fakenews-gambling-social",
+        "-e",
+        "fakenews",
+        "gambling",
+        "social",
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a",
+        "-n",
+        "-o",
+        "alternates/fakenews-porn-social",
+        "-e",
+        "fakenews",
+        "porn",
+        "social",
+    )
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a",
+        "-n",
+        "-o",
+        "alternates/gambling-porn-social",
+        "-e",
+        "gambling",
+        "porn",
+        "social",
+    )

-    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n", "-o",
-                      "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social",
-                      "-e", "fakenews", "gambling", "porn", "social")
+    update_hosts_file(
+        "-a",
+        "-n",
+        "-o",
+        "alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social",
+        "-e",
+        "fakenews",
+        "gambling",
+        "porn",
+        "social",
+    )

    update_hosts_file("-a", "-n")

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 {
  "name": "hosts",
-  "version": "2.3.0",
+  "version": "3.2.11",
  "description": "Extending and consolidating hosts files from several well-curated sources like adaway.org, mvps.org, malwaredomainlist.com, someonewhocares.org, and potentially others. You can optionally invoke extensions to block additional sites by category.",
  "main": "",
+  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "test": "python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py",
    "start": "python3 makeHosts.py",
@@ -34,6 +35,6 @@
  },
  "homepage": "https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#readme",
  "devDependencies": {
-    "release-it": "^10.0.7"
+    "release-it": "^14.2.1"
  }
 }
@@ -1,55 +1,58 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
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-
 # Unified hosts file with base extensions

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
 into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts files are provided.

-* Last updated: **January 30 2019**.
-* Here's the [raw hosts file with base extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) containing 39,099 entries.
+* Last updated: **December 14 2020**.
+* Here's the [raw hosts file with base extensions](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) containing 58,925 entries.
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
-Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 39,099 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 39,768 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 41,365 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 49,389 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 40,576 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 42,034 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 50,058 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 41,245 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 51,655 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 42,842 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 50,865 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 52,324 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 43,511 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 51,534 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,131 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
-Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 53,800 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts = **(adware + malware)** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts) | 58,925 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews/hosts) | 61,120 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling/hosts) | 61,249 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn/hosts) | 80,981 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/social/hosts) | 61,683 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts) | 63,444 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts) | 83,176 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts) | 63,878 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts) | 83,305 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-social/hosts) | 64,007 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/porn-social/hosts) | 83,738 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts) | 85,500 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts) | 66,202 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts) | 85,933 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 86,062 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/gambling-porn-social/hosts)
+Unified hosts **+ fakenews + gambling + porn + social** | [Readme](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/readme.md) | [link](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts) | 88,257 | [link](http://sbc.io/hosts/alternates/fakenews-gambling-porn-social/hosts)


 **Expectation**: These unified hosts files should serve all devices, regardless
@@ -62,57 +65,83 @@ included:

 Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | License | Issues
 -----------------|-------------|:---------:|:---------:|:----------------:|:-------:|:------:
-Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT  | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) 
-Malware Domain List | Malware Domain List is a non-commercial community project. |[link](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/) | [raw](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/hostslist/hosts.txt) | weekly | 'can be used for free by anyone'  | [issues](https://www.malwaredomainlist.com/contact.php) 
-add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution  | [issues](hosts@someonewhocares.org) 
-MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](http://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0  | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com) 
-yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |   | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org) 
-Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | 'non-commercial with attribution'  | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues) 
-CoinBlocker | Simple lists that can help prevent cryptomining in the browser or other applications |[link](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists) | [raw](https://zerodot1.gitlab.io/CoinBlockerLists/hosts_browser) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues) 
-UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally |   | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
-KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/azet12/KADhosts/master/KADhosts.txt) | frequently | GPLv3  | [issues](https://github.com/azet12/KADhosts/issues) 
-AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | occasionally | CC BY 3.0  | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/AdAway/issues) 
-add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | GPLv3+  | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues) 
+Steven Black's ad-hoc list | Additional sketch domains as I come across them. |[link](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues)
+AdAway | AdAway is an open source ad blocker for Android using the hosts file. |[link](https://adaway.org/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/master/hosts.txt) | frequently | CC BY 3.0 | [issues](https://github.com/AdAway/adaway.github.io/issues)
+add.2o7Net | 2o7Net tracking sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.2o7Net/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Dead | Dead sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Dead/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Risk | Risk content sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Risk/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+add.Spam | Spam sites based on [hostsfile.org](http://www.hostsfile.org/hosts.html) content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/add.Spam/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+Mitchell Krog's - Badd Boyz Hosts | Sketchy domains and Bad Referrers from my Nginx and Apache Bad Bot and Spam Referrer Blockers |[link](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/master/hosts) | weekly | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/mitchellkrogza/Badd-Boyz-Hosts/issues)
+hostsVN | Hosts block ads of Vietnamese |[link](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/master/option/hosts-VN) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/bigdargon/hostsVN/issues)
+KADhosts | Fraud/adware/scam websites. |[link](https://kadantiscam.netlify.app/) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/master/KADhosts_without_controversies.txt) | frequently | CC BY-SA 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/PolishFiltersTeam/KADhosts/issues)
+MVPS hosts file | The purpose of this site is to provide the user with a high quality custom HOSTS file. |[link](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/) | [raw](https://winhelp2002.mvps.org/hosts.txt) | monthly | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | [issues](mailto:winhelp2002@gmail.com)
+osint.digitalside.it | DigitalSide Threat-Intel malware domains list. |[link](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/master/lists/latestdomains.piHole.txt) | daily | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/davidonzo/Threat-Intel/issues)
+Dan Pollock – [someonewhocares](https://someonewhocares.org/) | How to make the internet not suck (as much). |[link](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/) | [raw](https://someonewhocares.org/hosts/zero/hosts) | frequently | non-commercial with attribution | [issues](mailto:hosts@someonewhocares.org)
+Tiuxo hostlist - ads | Categorized hosts files for DNS based content blocking |[link](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tiuxo/hosts/master/ads) | occasional | CC BY 4.0 | [issues](https://github.com/tiuxo/hosts/issues)
+UncheckyAds | Windows installers ads sources sites based on https://unchecky.com/ content. |[link](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras) | [raw](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/master/UncheckyAds/hosts) | occasionally | MIT | [issues](https://github.com/FadeMind/hosts.extras/issues)
+URLHaus | A project from [abuse.ch](https://abuse.ch/) with the goal of sharing malicious URLs. |[link](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/) | [raw](https://urlhaus.abuse.ch/downloads/hostfile/) | weekly | CC0 | [issues](mailto:cosntacptamem@abuse.ch)
+yoyo.org | Blocking with ad server and tracking server hostnames. |[link](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/) | [raw](https://pgl.yoyo.org/adservers/serverlist.php?hostformat=hosts&mimetype=plaintext&useip=0.0.0.0) | frequently |  | [issues](mailto:pgl@yoyo.org)



 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -134,7 +163,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -154,6 +183,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -164,9 +198,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -176,10 +234,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -200,7 +258,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -210,16 +268,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -239,92 +296,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -347,31 +404,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -380,7 +438,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -391,25 +449,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
 ----
-**Take Note!**  This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+**Take Note!**

+* This version of the Hosts file generator, and tests, are for Python 3.5+ only.
+* With the exception of issues and PRs regarding changes to `hosts/data/StevenBlack/hosts`, all other issues regarding the content of the produced hosts files should be made with the appropriate data source that contributed the content in question. The contact information for all of the data sources can be found in the `hosts/data/` directory.
 ----

-![readme](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/36028424/40330477-9df2c2e0-5d7f-11e8-8ac8-511d719a5eae.png)
+![Logo](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/.github/logo.png)

 [![latest release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases)
 [![license](https://img.shields.io/github/license/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/license.txt)
 [![repo size](https://img.shields.io/github/repo-size/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts)
 [![contributors](https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/graphs/contributors)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/StevenBlack/hosts)
-
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/StevenBlack/hosts/CI/master)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/actions?workflow=CI)
+[![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/python/black)
 [![commits since last release](https://img.shields.io/github/commits-since/StevenBlack/hosts/latest.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![last commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)
 [![commit activity](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/y/StevenBlack/hosts.svg)](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/commits/master)

-
 # Unified hosts file @EXTENSIONS_HEADER@

 This repository consolidates several reputable `hosts` files, and merges them
@@ -26,13 +27,15 @@ into a unified hosts file with duplicates removed.  A variety of tailored hosts
 * Logo by [@Tobaloidee](https://github.com/Tobaloidee).


-### List of all hosts file variants
+## List of all hosts file variants
+
+This repository offers [15 different host file variants](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates), in addition to the base variant.

 The **Non GitHub mirror** is the link to use for some hosts file managers like
-[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman) that don't work
-with Github download links.
+[Hostsman for Windows](http://www.abelhadigital.com/hostsman/) that don't work
+with GitHub download links.

-Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non Github mirror
+Host file recipe | Readme | Raw hosts | Unique domains | Non GitHub mirror
 ---------------- |:------:|:---------:|:--------------:|:-------------:
@TOCROWS@

@@ -50,39 +53,63 @@ Host file source | Description | Home page | Raw hosts | Update frequency | Lice


 ## Extensions
-The unified hosts file is extensible.  Extensions are used to block domains by category.  

-Extensions are optional, and are added to the base hosts file.  Extensions are combined in various ways wth the default hosts file, and the combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.
+The unified hosts file is optionally extensible.  Extensions are used to include domains by category.  Currently, we offer the following categories: `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn`.

-For example, you may want to block porn domains in addition to the adware and malware we block by default.  That hosts file is stored in the porn subfolder of the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.  
+Extensions are optional, and can be combined in various ways with the base hosts file.  The combined products are stored in the [`alternates`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/alternates) folder.

-Data for extensions is stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating the
-[`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions)  folder tree where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.
+Data for extensions are stored in the [`extensions`](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/tree/master/extensions) folder. You manage extensions by curating this
+folder tree, where you will find the data for `fakenews`, `social`, `gambling`, and `porn` extension data that we maintain and provide for you.

 ## Generate your own unified hosts file

-To generate your own unified hosts file you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+You have two options to generate your own hosts file.  You can do it in your own environment, or within a Docker container.  We'll cover Docker first because it's a short section.

-First install the dependencies with:
+### Option 1: Generate in a Docker container

-    pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+We provide a [Dockerfile](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/Dockerfile) that you can use to create a Docker container with everything you need.
+The container will contain Python 3 and all its dependency requirements, and a copy of the latest version of this repository.
+
+Build the Docker container like this:
+
+```
+docker build ./
+```
+
+Access the terminal like this:
+
+```
+docker run -it (containerid) bash
+```
+
+### Option 2: Generate it in your own environment.
+
+To generate your own amalgamated hosts files you will need Python 3.5 or later.
+
+First, install the dependencies with:
+
+```sh
+pip3 install --user -r requirements.txt
+```

 **Note** we recommend the `--user` flag which installs the required dependencies at the user level. More information about it can be found on pip [documentation](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/?highlight=--user#cmdoption-user).

-To run unit tests, in the top level directory, just run:
+### Common steps regardless of your development environment.

-    python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+To **run unit tests**, in the top-level directory, run:

-The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the 
-local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions 
-(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it 
+```sh
+python3 testUpdateHostsFile.py
+```
+
+The `updateHostsFile.py` script will generate a unified hosts file based on the sources in the
+local `data/` subfolder.  The script will prompt you whether it should fetch updated versions
+(from locations defined by the `update.json` text file in each source's folder). Otherwise, it
 will use the `hosts` file that's already there.

-### Usage
-
-#### Using Python 3:
-
-    python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```sh
+python3 updateHostsFile.py [--auto] [--replace] [--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn] [--extensions ext1 ext2 ext3]
+```

 #### Command line options:

@@ -104,7 +131,7 @@ of subfolders below the `extensions` folder containing additional
 category-specific hosts files to include in the amalgamation. Example:
 `--extensions porn` or `-e social porn`.

-`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.  
+`--flush-dns-cache`, or `-f`: skip the prompt for flushing the DNS cache.
 Only active when `--replace` is also active.

 `--ip nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`, or `-i nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn`: the IP address to use as the
@@ -124,6 +151,11 @@ in a subfolder.  If the subfolder does not exist, it will be created.
 section at the top, containing lines like `127.0.0.1 localhost`.  This is
 useful for configuring proximate DNS services on the local network.

+`--nogendata`, or `-g`: `false` (default) or `true`, skip the generation of the
+readmeData.json file used for generating readme.md files.  This is useful if you are
+generating host files with additional whitelists or blacklists and want to keep your
+local checkout of this repo unmodified.
+
 `--compress`, or `-c`: `false` (default) or `true`, *Compress* the hosts file
 ignoring non-necessary lines (empty lines and comments) and putting multiple
 domains in each line. Reducing the number of lines of the hosts file improves
@@ -134,9 +166,33 @@ each domain on a separate line. This is necessary because many implementations
 of URL blockers that rely on `hosts` files do not conform to the standard which
 allows multiple hosts on a single line.

+`--blacklist <blacklistfile>`, or `-x <blacklistfile>`: Append the given blacklist file
+in hosts format to the generated hosts file.
+
+`--whitelist <whitelistfile>`, or `-w <whitelistfile>`: Use the given whitelist file
+to remove hosts from the generated hosts file.
+
+#### Using NixOS:
+
+To install hosts file on your machine add the following into your `configuration.nix`:
+
+```nix
+{
+  networking.extraHosts = let
+    hostsPath = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/StevenBlack/hosts/master/hosts;
+    hostsFile = builtins.fetchurl hostsPath;
+  in builtins.readFile "${hostsFile}";
+}
+```
+
+* NOTE: Change `hostsPath` if you need other versions of hosts file.
+* NOTE: The call to `fetchurl` is impure.
+Use `fetchFromGitHub` with the exact commit if you want to always get the same result.
+
+
 ## How do I control which sources are unified?

-Add one or more  *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
+Add one or more *additional* sources, each in a subfolder of the `data/`
 folder, and specify the `url` key in its `update.json` file.

 Add one or more *optional* extensions, which originate from subfolders of the
@@ -146,10 +202,10 @@ extension finds its updates.
 Create an *optional* `blacklist` file. The contents of this file (containing a
 listing of additional domains in `hosts` file format) are appended to the
 unified hosts file during the update process. A sample `blacklist` is
-included, and may be modified as you desire.
+included, and may be modified as you need.

-  * NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
-be overridden when you `git pull`   this repo from `origin` in the future.
+* NOTE: The `blacklist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't
+be overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ### How do I include my own custom domain mappings?

@@ -170,7 +226,7 @@ The `whitelist` uses partial matching.  Therefore if you whitelist
 into the final hosts file.

 The `whitelist` is not tracked by git, so any changes you make won't be
-overridden when you `git pull` this repo  from `origin` in the future.
+overridden when you `git pull` this repo from `origin` in the future.

 ## How can I contribute hosts records?

@@ -180,16 +236,15 @@ If you discover sketchy domains you feel should be included here, here are some

 The best way to get new domains included is to submit an issue to any of the data providers whose home pages are [listed here](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts#sources-of-hosts-data-unified-in-this-variant). This is best because once you submit new domains, they will be curated and updated by the dedicated folks who maintain these sources.

-
-### Option 2: add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file
+### Option 2: Fork this repository, add your domains to Steven Black's personal data file, and submit a pull request

 Fork this hosts this repo and add your links to [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/data/StevenBlack/hosts).

 Then, submit a pull request.

-**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us and what you've just done is created more work for us.
+**WARNING**: this is less desirable than Option 1 because the ongoing curation falls on us. So this creates more work for us.

-### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on Github
+### Option 3: create your own hosts list as a repo on GitHub

 If you're able to curate your own collection of sketchy domains, then curate your own hosts list.  Then signal the existence of your repo as [a new issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) and we may include your new repo into the collection of sources we pull whenever we create new versions.

@@ -209,92 +264,92 @@ and other irritants.
 For example, to nullify requests to some doubleclick.net servers, adding these
 lines to your hosts file will do it:

-    # block doubleClick's servers
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
-    0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
-    # etc...
-
+```text
+# block doubleClick's servers
+0.0.0.0 ad.ae.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.ar.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.at.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.au.doubleclick.net
+0.0.0.0 ad.be.doubleclick.net
+# etc...
+```

 ## We recommend using `0.0.0.0` instead of `127.0.0.1`

 Traditionally most host files use `127.0.0.1`, the *loopback address*, to establish an IP connection to the local machine.

-We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown,
-or non applicable target.
+We prefer to use `0.0.0.0`, which is defined as a non-routable meta-address used to designate an invalid, unknown, or non-applicable target.

 Using `0.0.0.0` is empirically faster, possibly because there's no wait for a timeout resolution. It also does not
 interfere with a web server that may be running on the local PC.

-## Why not use just `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+## Why not use `0` instead of `0.0.0.0`?
+
 We tried that.  Using `0` doesn't work universally.


 ## Location of your hosts file
+
 To modify your current `hosts` file, look for it in the following places and modify it with a text
 editor.

-**Mac OS X, iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+**macOS (until 10.14.x macOS Mojave), iOS, Android, Linux**: `/etc/hosts` file.
+
+**macOS Catalina:** `/private/etc/hosts` file.

 **Windows**: `%SystemRoot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts` file.

+## Gentoo
+
+Gentoo users may find [`sb-hosts`](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay/tree/master/net-misc/sb-hosts) in [::pf4public](https://github.com/PF4Public/gentoo-overlay) Gentoo overlay
+
 ## Updating hosts file on Windows

-On Linux and Mac OS X, you can simply run the Python script, but on Windows, more
-work is required due to compatibility issues in implementing some of the functionality
-for Windows. It is preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+(NOTE: See also some third-party Hosts managers, listed below.)

-```
+On Linux and macOS, run the Python script. On Windows more
+work is required due to compatibility issues so it's preferable to run the batch file as follows:
+
+```sh
 updateHostsWindows.bat
 ```

-This file MUST be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
+This file **MUST** be run in command prompt with administrator privileges in
 the repository directory. In addition to updating the hosts file, it can also
 replace the existing hosts file, and reload the DNS cache. It goes without
-saying that in order for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.
+saying that for this to work, you must be connected to the internet.

 To open a command prompt as administrator in the repository's directory, do the following:

-**Windows XP**: Start -> Run -> `cmd`
+**Windows XP**: Start → Run → `cmd`

-**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows Vista, 7**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 8**: Start -> Swipe Up -> All Apps -> Windows System -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 8**: Start → Swipe Up → All Apps → Windows System → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

-**Windows 10**: Start Button -> type `cmd` -> right-click Command Prompt ->
+**Windows 10**: Start Button → type `cmd` → right-click Command Prompt →
 "Run as Administrator"

 You can also refer to the "Third-Party Hosts Managers" section for further recommended solutions from third parties.

 ## Reloading hosts file
+
 Your operating system will cache DNS lookups. You can either reboot or run the following commands to
 manually flush your DNS cache once the new hosts file is in place.

-| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: https://superuser.com/questions/723703
+| The Google Chrome browser may require manually cleaning up its DNS Cache on `chrome://net-internals/#dns` page to thereafter see the changes in your hosts file. See: <https://superuser.com/questions/723703>
 :-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 ### Windows

 Open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:

-```
+```bat
 ipconfig /flushdns
 ```

-|If you want to use a huge hosts file by merging [hphosts](https://www.hosts-file.net) (NOT INCLUDED HERE) you need to DISABLE and STOP `Dnscache` service before you replace hosts file in Windows Systems. You have been warned.|
-:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Before flushing the DNS cache, open a command prompt with administrator privileges and run this command:
-
-```
-sc config "Dnscache" start= disabled
-sc stop "Dnscache"
-```
-
 ### Linux

 Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:
@@ -317,31 +372,32 @@ Open a Terminal and run with root privileges:

 To enable the `nscd` daemon initially, it is recommended that you run the following commands:

-```
+```sh
 sudo sysrc nscd_enable="YES"
 sudo service nscd start
 ```

 Then modify the `hosts` line in your `/etc/nsswitch.conf` file to the following:

-```
+```text
 hosts: cache files dns
 ```

-**Others**: Consult [this wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).
+**Others**: Consult [this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_%28file%29#Location_in_the_file_system).

-### Mac OS X
+### macOS

 Open a Terminal and run:
-```
+
+```sh
 sudo dscacheutil -flushcache;sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
 ```

 ## Release management

-This repository uses [Release-It!](https://webpro.github.io/release-it/), an excellent CLI release 
-tool for Github repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
-This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and 
+This repository uses [release-it](https://github.com/release-it/release-it), an excellent CLI release
+tool for GitHub repos and npm packages, to automate creating [releases](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/releases).
+This is why the [package.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/package.json) and
 [.release-it.json](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/.release-it.json) files are bundled.

 ## Goals of this unified hosts file
@@ -350,7 +406,7 @@ The goals of this repo are to:

 1. automatically combine high-quality lists of hosts,

-2. provide easy extensions,
+2. provide situation-appropriate extensions,

 3. de-dupe the resultant combined list,

@@ -361,25 +417,37 @@ hosts source should be frequently updated by its maintainers with both
 additions and removals.  The larger the hosts file, the higher the level of
 curation is expected.

-For example, the (huge) hosts file from [hosts-file.net](https://hosts-file.net)
-is **not** included here because it is very large (780,000+ entries)
-and doesn't currently display a corresponding high level of curation activity.
-
 It is expected that this unified hosts file will serve both desktop and mobile
 devices under a variety of operating systems.

 ## Third-Party Hosts Managers

-* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. It's sophisticated enough to allow any novice the ability to install and uninstall the blacklist of their choosing to their local hosts file and keep it automatically up to date, while also being minimal enough to be able to be easily placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+* [Unified Hosts AutoUpdate](https://github.com/ScriptTiger/Unified-Hosts-AutoUpdate "Unified Hosts AutoUpdate") (for Windows): The Unified Hosts AutoUpdate package is purpose-built for this unified hosts project as well as in active development by community members. You can install and uninstall any blacklist and keep it automatically up to date, and can be placed in a shared network location and deployed across an organization via group policies. And since it is in active development by community members, your bug reports, feature requests, and other feedback are most welcome.
+
+* [ViHoMa](https://github.com/cmabad/ViHoMa) is a Visual Hosts file Manager, written in Java, by Christian Martínez.  Check it out!

 ## Interesting Applications

-* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources.     This is a very interesting project to setup yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-kit-network-wide-ad-blocker).
+* [Maza ad blocking](https://github.com/tanrax/maza-ad-blocking) is a bash script that automatically updates host file. You can also update a fresh copy. And each time it generates a dnsmasq-compatible configuration file. Fast installation, compatible with MacOS, Linux and BSD.
+
+* [Hostile](https://github.com/feross/hostile) is a nifty command line utility to easily add or remove domains from your hosts file.  If our hosts files are too aggressive for you, you can use `hostile` to remove domains, or you can use `hostile` in a bash script to automate a post process each time you download fresh versions of hosts.
+
+* [macOS Scripting for Configuration, Backup and Restore](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config) helps customizing, re-installing and using macOS. It also provides a [script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/hosts_file_generator.sh) to install and update the hosts file using this project on macOS. In combination with a [launchd](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/launchd_and_script/com.hostsfile.install_update.plist) it updates the hosts file every x days (default is 4). To install both download the GitHub repo and run the [install script](https://github.com/tiiiecherle/osx_install_config/blob/master/09_launchd/9b_run_on_boot/root/1_hosts_file/install_hosts_file_generator_and_launchdservice.sh) from the directory one level up.
+
+* [Pi-hole](https://pi-hole.net/) is a network-wide DHCP server and ad blocker that runs on [Raspberry Pi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi). Pi-hole uses this repository as one of its sources. This is a very interesting project to set up yourself, or you can [buy one pre-loaded](https://uk.pi-supply.com/products/pi-hole-poe-edition-the-network-wide-ad-blocker).

 * [Block ads and malware via local BIND9 DNS server](https://github.com/mueller-ma/block-ads-via-dns "Block ads and malware via local DNS server") (for Debian, Raspbian & Ubuntu): Set up a local DNS server with a `/etc/bind/named.conf.blocked` file, sourced from here.

-* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.
+* [Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server](https://scripttiger.github.io/dualserver/ "Block ads, malware, and deploy parental controls via local DualServer DNS/DHCP server") (for BSD, Windows & Linux): Set up a blacklist for everyone on your network using the power of the unified hosts reformatted for DualServer. And if you're on Windows, this project also maintains an update script to make updating DualServer's blacklist even easier.

-* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.")  is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.
+* [Blocking ads and malwares with unbound](https://deadc0de.re/articles/unbound-blocking-ads.html "Blocking ads and malwares with unbound") – [Unbound](https://www.unbound.net/ "Unbound is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.") is a validating, recursive, and caching DNS resolver.

-* [DNSMasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This github gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses 'wget' & 'awk' present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports ipv4 and ipv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). Script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup. 
+* [dnsmasq conversion script](https://gist.github.com/erlepereira/c11f4f7a3f60cd2071e79018e895fc8a#file-dnsmasq-antimalware) This GitHub gist has a short shell script (bash, will work on any 'nix) and uses `wget` & `awk` present in most distros, to fetch a specified hosts file and convert it the format required by dnsmasq. Supports IPv4 and IPv6. Designed to be used as either a shell script, or can be dropped into /etc/cron.weekly (or wherever suits). The script is short and easily edited, also has a short document attached with notes on dnsmasq setup.
+
+## Contribute!
+
+Please read our [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/contributing.md). Among other things, this explains how we organize files and folders in this repository.
+
+We are always interested in discovering well-curated sources of hosts.  If you find one, please open an [issue](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/issues) to draw our attention.
+
+Before you create or respond to any issue, please read our [code of conduct](https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts/blob/master/code_of_conduct.md).
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-lxml>=4.2.4
-beautifulsoup4==4.6.1
+requests>=2.20
+flake8>=3.8,<=4.0
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More