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carbon-lang/toolchain/check/testdata/class/field/field_initializer.carbon
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Chandler Carruth 8be274cf60 Replace :! binding syntax with phase keywords and contextual defaults (#7479) 
Implement the toolchain side of proposal #7254, removing the `:!`
binding
syntax for generic and template parameters in favor of the keywords
`generic`,
`template`, and `runtime` plus contextual defaults for phase.

For valid programs this is semantics-preserving: each binding resolves
to the
same phase, and produces the same SemIR, as it did under `:!`/`:`. The
parser
derives a binding's phase from its syntactic context plus any explicit
phase
keyword; new diagnostics and error recovery for misused keywords are
described
below.

Implementation details for each component:

- Lexer: remove the `:!` (`ColonExclaim`) token, move its virtual
parse-node
  budget onto `:`, and add the `generic` and `runtime` keywords.
- Parser: thread a `BindingContext` (`ExplicitParam`, `DeducedParam`, or
`CompileTimeEntityParam`) from declaration introducers down through
parameter
lists to each binding pattern, using a one-token lookahead to
distinguish a
name-qualifier parameter list from a declaration's own final list.
Parameters
of a compile-time entity (`class`, `interface`, `constraint`, `choice`,
`alias`, `export`, `namespace`) and deduced `[]` parameters default to
checked
generic; explicit function parameters and local bindings default to
runtime.
`HandleBindingPattern` resolves the phase from that context plus the
keyword: a
`generic` keyword needs no node of its own (the phase is carried by the
  binding's node kind), while a `runtime` keyword is preserved as a
`RuntimeBindingName` node so `check` can name it in a diagnostic. A
phase
keyword that is merely redundant with the contextual default is
diagnosed
  here, without invalidating the parse tree.
- Check: a phase keyword that is invalid for its context (for example
`runtime`
on a checked-generic parameter) is diagnosed here, and recovers by
building an
error binding that still introduces the name so that later uses of it do
not
  produce cascading errors.

The removed `:!` syntax is now rejected as an ordinary parse error.

The `form`/`:?`/`->?` ("extended types") portion of proposal #7254 is
left for a
separate change.

Assisted-by: Claude Code
2026-07-11 01:22:44 +00:00

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// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
// INCLUDE-FILE: toolchain/testing/testdata/min_prelude/int.carbon
//
// AUTOUPDATE
// TIP: To test this file alone, run:
// TIP: bazel test //toolchain/testing:file_test --test_arg=--file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/class/field/field_initializer.carbon
// TIP: To dump output, run:
// TIP: bazel run //toolchain/testing:file_test -- --dump_output --file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/class/field/field_initializer.carbon
// --- field_initializer.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
//@dump-sem-ir-begin
class Class {
var field: i32 = 123;
}
var C: Class = {};
//@dump-sem-ir-end
// --- field_initializer_import.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
import library "field_initializer";
var C2: Class = {};
// --- field_initializer_generic.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let Default: Self;
}
impl i32 as I where .Default = 123 {}
class Class(T: I) {
var x: T = T.Default;
}
var C: Class(i32) = {};
// --- fail_field_initializer_invalid_name.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
class Class {
var field: i32 = 123;
}
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_field_initializer_invalid_name.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:16: error: struct `Class` has no field named `not_a_field` [StructInitUnexpectedFieldInLiteral]
// CHECK:STDERR: var C: Class = {.not_a_field = 456};
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
var C: Class = {.not_a_field = 456};
// --- fail_field_initializer_wrong_type.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
class Class {
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_field_initializer_wrong_type.carbon:[[@LINE+7]]:20: error: cannot implicitly convert expression of type `()` to `i32` [ConversionFailure]
// CHECK:STDERR: var field: i32 = ();
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_field_initializer_wrong_type.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:20: note: type `()` does not implement interface `Core.ImplicitAs(i32)` [MissingImplInMemberAccessInContext]
// CHECK:STDERR: var field: i32 = ();
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~
// CHECK:STDERR:
var field: i32 = ();
}
// --- fail_field_initializer_not_constant.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
var x: i32;
class Class {
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_field_initializer_not_constant.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:20: error: semantics TODO: `field initializer is not constant` [SemanticsTodo]
// CHECK:STDERR: var field: i32 = x;
// CHECK:STDERR: ^
// CHECK:STDERR:
var field: i32 = x;
}
var C: Class = {};
// CHECK:STDOUT: --- field_initializer.carbon
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: constants {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Class: type = class_type @Class [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_32: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 32 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %i32: type = class_type @Int, @Int(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Class.elem: type = unbound_element_type %Class, %i32 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_123.fff: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 123 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.type.914: type = facet_type <@ImplicitAs, @ImplicitAs(%i32)> [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %To: Core.IntLiteral = symbolic_binding To, 0 [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74: type = fn_type @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%To) [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.845: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74 = struct_value () [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23: <witness> = impl_witness imports.%ImplicitAs.impl_witness_table.b3c, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.2ba: type = fn_type @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.2ba = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.facet: %ImplicitAs.type.914 = facet_value Core.IntLiteral, (%ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert.type.740: type = fn_type @ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert, @ImplicitAs.WithSelf(%i32, %ImplicitAs.facet) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.1c5: type = fn_type_with_self_type %ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert.type.740, %ImplicitAs.facet [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.bound: <bound method> = bound_method %int_123.fff, %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn: <specific function> = specific_function %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method: <bound method> = bound_method %int_123.fff, %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_123.2bf: %i32 = int_value 123 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %struct_type.field: type = struct_type {.field: %i32} [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %complete_type.935: <witness> = complete_type_witness %struct_type.field [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %pattern_type.f15: type = pattern_type %Class [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.patt: %pattern_type.f15 = ref_binding_pattern C [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.var_patt: %pattern_type.f15 = var_pattern %C.patt [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %empty_struct_type: type = struct_type {} [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %empty_struct: %empty_struct_type = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Class.val: %Class = struct_value (%int_123.2bf) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: imports {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.import_ref.edf: @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type (%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74) = import_ref Core//prelude/parts/int, loc{{\d+_\d+}}, loaded [symbolic = @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert (constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.845)]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.impl_witness_table.b3c = impl_witness_table (%Core.import_ref.edf), @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: file {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Class.decl: type = class_decl @Class [concrete = constants.%Class] {} {}
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.var: ref %Class = var_storage %C.var_patt [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Class.ref: type = name_ref Class, %Class.decl [concrete = constants.%Class]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C: ref %Class = wrapper_binding C, %C.var [concrete = %C.var]
// CHECK:STDOUT: name_binding_decl {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.patt: %pattern_type.f15 = ref_binding_pattern C [concrete = constants.%C.patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.var_patt: %pattern_type.f15 = var_pattern %C.patt [concrete = constants.%C.var_patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: class @Class {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc5_12: %Class.elem = field_decl field, element0, initializer = inst64000105 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_123: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 123 [concrete = constants.%int_123.fff]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %impl.elem0: %.1c5 = impl_witness_access constants.%ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23, element0 [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method.loc5_20.1: <bound method> = bound_method %int_123, %impl.elem0 [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.bound]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %specific_fn: <specific function> = specific_function %impl.elem0, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert(constants.%int_32) [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method.loc5_20.2: <bound method> = bound_method %int_123, %specific_fn [concrete = constants.%bound_method]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.call: init %i32 = call %bound_method.loc5_20.2(%int_123) [concrete = constants.%int_123.2bf]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc5_20.1: %i32 = value_of_initializer %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.call [concrete = constants.%int_123.2bf]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc5_20.2: %i32 = converted %int_123, %.loc5_20.1 [concrete = constants.%int_123.2bf]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %complete_type: <witness> = complete_type_witness constants.%struct_type.field [concrete = constants.%complete_type.935]
// CHECK:STDOUT: complete_type_witness = %complete_type
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: !members:
// CHECK:STDOUT: .Self = constants.%Class
// CHECK:STDOUT: .field = %.loc5_12
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @__global_init() {
// CHECK:STDOUT: !entry:
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc8_17.1: %empty_struct_type = struct_literal () [concrete = constants.%empty_struct]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc8_17.2: init %Class to file.%C.var = class_init (constants.%int_123.2bf) [concrete = constants.%Class.val]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc8_1: init %Class = converted %.loc8_17.1, %.loc8_17.2 [concrete = constants.%Class.val]
// CHECK:STDOUT: assign file.%C.var, %.loc8_1
// CHECK:STDOUT: <elided>
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: !observes:
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
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