Adds a virtual node to `DefaultValuePattern` to end the
`ExprRegionForPattern` before checking the expression
for the default value.
When checking the default value expression, the context
was still configured to interpret expressions as patterns,
which caused some corruption of state with tuple-pattern
subpatterns.
Corrects an assertion failure I found while working on
feedback from #7665.
Adds parsing support only for default value expressions in pattern
lists, including leaving the default value unspecified with an
underscore `_`.
Per #7521.
Adds an algorithm to compute where to insert brackets to repair
bracketing mismatches during lexing. This takes indentation, as well as
a number of other cues, into account to predict where the brackets
should have gone. Detects when there is ambiguity between solutions and
makes no suggestion in that case. Reduces the problem by splitting on
properly bracketed top-level constructs, then uses a beam search to find
good candidate solutions quickly.
This includes both a fuzzer and an eval tool that can be used to
determine how well the algorithm fares against a given corpus of valid
Carbon code, by damaging it in various ways and seeing whether the
algorithm can correctly fix it. On all the eval modes, this algorithm
can correctly infer the positions for over 80% of lost brackets (and can
correctly restore 95+% of brackets in some modes), with low rates of
incorrect suggestions.
See added documentation for full details.
Assisted-by: Gemini via Antigravity, Claude via Claude Code
Found by fuzz testing, root caused to #7479 - fixing this issue for Var
in a similar way to how it was fixed for Let in that patch (by adding
`RuntimeBindingName` to the possible things in the name binding.
Not sure if this would be better fixed by adding `RuntimeBindingName` to
`AnyRuntimeBindingPatternName` or something else?
Assisted-By: Gemini with Antigravity
- Enhance toolchain/parse/node_kind.def with category x-macros
(CARBON_PARSE_NODE_KIND_DECLARATION, CARBON_PARSE_NODE_KIND_EXPRESSION,
CARBON_PARSE_NODE_KIND_PATTERN, CARBON_PARSE_NODE_KIND_STATEMENT) that
default to CARBON_PARSE_NODE_KIND, keeping node_kind.def as the single
source of truth without manual expansion divergence.
- Decompose the monolithic toolchain/parse/extract.cpp translation unit
into separate compilation units for declarations, expressions, patterns,
and statements by expanding respective category x-macros.
- Forward-declare Tree and TokenizedBuffer in parse and lex dump headers
to reduce header inclusion depth.
Assisted-by: Antigravity with Gemini
It's hard to track 2-space indent levels across large vertical gaps, and
it can be hard to suppress the instinct to read the dump as if it were
preorder. This change introduces a new dump mode that addresses both
problems by using box-drawing characters to explicitly represent the
parent-child edges of the tree. This new mode is the default, but the
old behavior remains available with
`--parse-dump-format=yaml-postorder`.
This produces prettier, demangled type names, and works when building
with `-fno-rtti`.
Before:
```
Optional N6Carbon5Parse13NodeIdForKindIL_ZNS0_8NodeKind16LibrarySpecifierEEEE: begin
```
After:
```
Optional Carbon::Parse::NodeIdForKind<Carbon::Parse::NodeKind::LibrarySpecifier>: begin
```
Assisted-by: Gemini via Antigravity
This is in addition to finding a `where` on the RHS of another `where`.
Since a generic binding introduces `.Self`, any `where` expression that
isn't part of a facet type modifying the binding itself would introduce
an ambiguous `.Self`.
Add virtual parse nodes for let, var, and form bindings, which goes
before the type. This allows us to track if `where` appears in the
binding's type. We only need to look for an invalid `where` if any
appeared in the type. We combine these three nodes together into a
single node kind, which requires us to remove the name from it as a
child. We move it up to the Pattern node again, and rename the
PatternStart nodes to PatternTypeStart as they are now located in the
middle of the Pattern nodes, just before the type.
And we only need to thaw `.Self` in generic bindings. Non-generic
bindings can only have `.Self` through a `where` expression, since the
name is not provided otherwise to non-generic bindings. And `where`
expressions thaw their `.Self` independently. So the binding only needs
to thaw a `.Self` that it introduced, which is only for generic
bindings.
If the `match_first` is not followed by `{` avoid consuming whatever
comes after it. Recover by leaving whatever comes next alone. It could
even be the `FileEnd` token, and then we would crash when we read off
the end of the token stream looking for `FileEnd`.
Remove toolchain/parse/typed_nodes.h from transitive imports of tree.h
and node_stack.h to reduce compile-time overhead in toolchain/check.
Add an explicit include of typed_nodes.h to tree_and_subtrees.cpp where
it is needed for instantiating templates.
Assisted-by: Antigravity with Gemini
It must be in a namespace, function, or class. In particular, it can't
be in another match_first, doing so immediately associates any impl
inside with two different match_first scopes, but we only want them
associated with one for prioritization.
Implement the toolchain side of proposal #7254, removing the `:!`
binding
syntax for generic and template parameters in favor of the keywords
`generic`,
`template`, and `runtime` plus contextual defaults for phase.
For valid programs this is semantics-preserving: each binding resolves
to the
same phase, and produces the same SemIR, as it did under `:!`/`:`. The
parser
derives a binding's phase from its syntactic context plus any explicit
phase
keyword; new diagnostics and error recovery for misused keywords are
described
below.
Implementation details for each component:
- Lexer: remove the `:!` (`ColonExclaim`) token, move its virtual
parse-node
budget onto `:`, and add the `generic` and `runtime` keywords.
- Parser: thread a `BindingContext` (`ExplicitParam`, `DeducedParam`, or
`CompileTimeEntityParam`) from declaration introducers down through
parameter
lists to each binding pattern, using a one-token lookahead to
distinguish a
name-qualifier parameter list from a declaration's own final list.
Parameters
of a compile-time entity (`class`, `interface`, `constraint`, `choice`,
`alias`, `export`, `namespace`) and deduced `[]` parameters default to
checked
generic; explicit function parameters and local bindings default to
runtime.
`HandleBindingPattern` resolves the phase from that context plus the
keyword: a
`generic` keyword needs no node of its own (the phase is carried by the
binding's node kind), while a `runtime` keyword is preserved as a
`RuntimeBindingName` node so `check` can name it in a diagnostic. A
phase
keyword that is merely redundant with the contextual default is
diagnosed
here, without invalidating the parse tree.
- Check: a phase keyword that is invalid for its context (for example
`runtime`
on a checked-generic parameter) is diagnosed here, and recovers by
building an
error binding that still introduces the name so that later uses of it do
not
produce cascading errors.
The removed `:!` syntax is now rejected as an ordinary parse error.
The `form`/`:?`/`->?` ("extended types") portion of proposal #7254 is
left for a
separate change.
Assisted-by: Claude Code
`match_first` is a declaration followed by a curly-brace block of
declarations.
The check phase will ensure only impl decls (or defns) are inside the
block.
Carbon currently requires a comment to be the only non-whitespace on its
line. A `//` comment that follows other content on a line, called a
_trailing comment_, is a lexer error. This proposal removes that
restriction, allowing a comment to follow other content on a line.
Everything else about comments is unchanged: a comment still begins with
`//`, still requires whitespace after the `//`, and still runs to the
end of the line. Carbon continues to provide only line comments; no
block or intra-line comments are added.
Three observations motivate the change. First, trailing comments are
well suited to short _annotations_ attached to a specific entity or
value on a line. Second, the lexer design now makes it trivial to lex
trailing comments, and in fact requires extra logic and potentially cost
to reject them. Third, C++ code routinely uses trailing comments, so
allowing them lets Carbon carry the layout of migrated code over
directly, rather than reworking each comment to read well in a different
structure.
Implementation notes (beyond the proposal's design):
Keeping trailing comments cheap to lex required a few supporting
changes, all of which keep the cost off the lexer's hot path:
- The lexer already dispatches `//` to comment lexing wherever it
appears, so classifying a comment as trailing is a single O(1) check of
whether the `//` is the line's first non-whitespace (`start + indent`).
The hot comment path is otherwise unchanged.
- That check relies on each line's recorded indentation being its real
leading whitespace. Multi-line string literals previously recorded the
column where the literal opened for the lines they span; they now record
the true (closing-delimiter) indentation instead.
- Parser error recovery (`SkipPastLikelyEnd`) had relied on that
opening-column indentation to keep tokens following a multi-line string
literal attached to the same construct. It now reconstructs that
relationship directly by consulting the line on which the literal
opened, including when other tokens follow the closing delimiter (such
as `''' + "more"`). This is on the cold recovery path.
- `CommentData` records the trailing bit in the high bit of its length
field, keeping it at 8 bytes.
Assisted-by: Claude Code
A lambda introducer (`fn` in expression context) with no parameters and
no body -- for example `(fn)`, where `)` immediately follows `fn` --
left `HandleLambdaAfterParams` calling `ReturnErrorOnState()` without
ever emitting a `Lambda` node. The orphaned `LambdaIntroducer` leaf was
then left where an expression was required, so `Parse` produced a tree
that failed its own verification and aborted via `CARBON_FATAL`.
Recover the way `HandleLambdaBody` already does for a missing body after
a return type: emit a placeholder `InvalidParse` body and finish a
complete `Lambda` node, so the lambda stays a valid expression and the
surrounding construct (here a `ParenExpr`) extracts cleanly.
Found by fuzzing.
Assisted-by: Claude Code
Instead of traversing the entire pattern block looking for
`VarPattern`s, we keep track of them on creation, and then build
`VarStorage`s directly from that list.
This also gets rid of the global `var_storage_map`, and instead keep
that information narrowly scoped to each full-pattern, and consume it in
a single linear traversal instead of with random-access lookups. To
enable that, this fixes a parse bug where nested `var` patterns were
getting diagnosed but not marked as errors.
Malformed `base` declarations with an omitted colon need two different
recovery paths. For `extend base`, the consumed `extend` modifier
requires the parse tree to retain its `BaseColon` and base expression
children, so this synthesizes an errored `BaseColon` and continues
parsing the expression.
Other malformed forms, such as `base calss X {}`, now use the standard
declaration-error recovery: emit `ExpectedAfterBase`, skip past the
likely declaration end, and form an errored `BaseDecl` without inventing
a colon or cascading diagnostics.
The regression covers `extend base Foo;`, bare `base;`, and the reviewer
counterexample `base calss X {}`.
Tests:
- `prek run --files toolchain/parse/handle_base.cpp
toolchain/parse/testdata/class/fail_base.carbon`
- `./scripts/run_bazelisk.py test -c dbg //toolchain/parse/...`
- `./scripts/run_bazelisk.py test -c dbg //toolchain/testing:file_test`
AI assistance: OpenAI Codex helped inspect the parser recovery path,
implement the change, and run verification. The operator reviewed and
authorized the contribution.
Assisted-by: OpenAI Codex
Implements proposal #7016: `self` moves from the deduced implicit list
(`fn F[self: Self]()`) to the front of the explicit list. Its type may
be written explicitly (`fn F(self: Self)`) or omitted, in which case it
defaults to `Self` (`fn F(self)`, `fn F(ref self)`); `self` in the
implicit list is rejected.
Throughout checking, `self` is modeled as the first explicit parameter.
Because a method is just a function whose first parameter is `self`, it
can also be called as an ordinary function with the receiver passed
explicitly (`Type.M(obj, ...)`), not only as `obj.M(...)`. A new
`SemIR::CallArgParamPatterns` helper chooses the parameters matched
against the explicit arguments, excluding a leading `self` only when it
is supplied as a method-call receiver; arity checking, conversion, and
generic deduction use it. The resulting SemIR and lowering are
unchanged: `self` is still `call_param0`, and witnesses, thunks, and
vtables are unaffected.
An omitted `self` type is parsed as a `SelfBindingPattern` node with no
type expression; checking synthesizes the `Self` type so it behaves
exactly like `self: Self`. However, the exact spelling used must match
between a forward declaration and a definition, following #3763's rules
around declaration matching.
Generated functions, thunks, and C++ interop import/export build `self`
as the first explicit parameter, and the `self`-type override (e.g.
Derived->Base for a virtual override) applies to the explicit `self`.
Placement is validated by new diagnostics: `SelfInImplicitParamList`,
`SelfNotFirstParam`, and `SelfOutsideParamList`. The benchmark source
generator and the documentation adopt the `(self)` shorthand; the
prelude, the examples, and the test data are migrated in the following
commits.
Assisted-by: Claude Code with Claude Opus 4.7
---------
Co-authored-by: josh11b <15258583+josh11b@users.noreply.github.com>
If a keyword or a sized type literal (eg, `f2`) is used in a context
where we are confident that we are expecting an identifier -- either
before a `:` in a binding pattern or after a `.` in a member access or
designator -- then recover as if a raw identifier was used.
This appears to be a particular stumbling block for coding agents, so
seems worth paying special attention to.
Add a mechanism to the tokenized buffer to track additional tokens
synthesized for error recovery so that we can keep the lexed token
sequence immutable and still satisfy the invariants throughout the rest
of the toolchain for recovery tokens. Thanks to chandlerc for suggesting
this approach!
This adds the `static` token to the lexer and parses it as a modifier.
In check, `FullPatternStack::Kind::FieldDecl` is now used for both
static and non-static vars. Static vars get treated basically the same
as `NameBindingDecl`s.
Global initialization is used for static var initializers. To make the
necessary stack information available to `pattern_match.cpp`, the
`full_pattern_stack` and `decl_introducer_state_stack` are now popped
later in `handle_let_and_var.cpp`.
In lowering, each class's body is checked for `VarStorage` insts and
lowered the same as global vars.
As part of this, move functions that seem reasonable to make out-of-line
to a separate `_impl.h` header file that is only included where the
explicit instantiation _definition_ is provided.
By using explicit instantiation we can make these templates behave more
like non-template classes in terms of supporting out-of-line definitions
that don't need to be compiled by every translation unit. The set of
eventual instantiations here is fundamentally known, and there tend to
be headers that define a canonical "leaf" type where it makes sense to
trigger the explicit instantiation.
Where we already had a `.cpp` file to put the explicit instantiation
definition, use it. But in some places we didn't have such a `.cpp` file
so this PR adds those.
This also requires that we have precise constraints on APIs that _can't_
be instantiated for specific argument types, as now we don't do this
lazily.
Combined, this appears to reduce the sum of object file sizes in the
`check` directory by almost 40% (122mb -> 74mb) in my measurement.
My actual goal was to improve compile times, but so far I don't have a
great methodology for measuring these... But the object file size
reduction seems to confirm this is a net win and likely represents a
non-trivial improvement in compile time.
Assisted-by: Antigravity with Gemini
Class vars are still restricted to simple `name: type` bindings, not
full patterns. This is now handled in the check phase instead of during
parsing.
This is in preparation for supporting `static var`.
Because this is an `__attribute__((used))` method in a templated base
class it forces a _huge_ amount of template instantiation in every
translation unit.
Often this was just printing the members of the type, which is still
useful in some cases (such as test output), but adds no value in the
debugger.
A more successful pattern for dumping has been namespace level
functions, and particularly static ones that more transparently don't
expand the non-debugger API surface. Add the few missing functions there
that cover `Printable` types with more interesting contents.
For several of these, it just gives us a "dump the whole thing" function
as a compliment to "dump this entity in the thing". These probably
aren't especially high value, but moving them here they become cheap, so
I've left them in.
For a couple, this expands the rich dumping support of SemIR constructs,
which should be substantially more useful than the previous `Dump`
behavior.
This reduces `check` cumulative object file size by another 14%.
Assisted-by: Antigravity with Gemini
For #6830, add support for inline C++ fragments as a declaration rather
than as a packaging directive. For now, this uses `inline Cpp
<string-literal>;` as syntax. The prior `import Cpp inline
<string-literal>;` is left alone for the time being. We can decide
separately whether to remove that.
`inline Cpp` requires that there was at least one `import Cpp`. It's not
clear to me if that's the right design long-term, but it seems
reasonable for now.
Assisted-by: Gemini via Google Antigravity
When parsing a pattern, if we encounter something that isn't pattern
syntax, try parsing as an expression instead. We only need one-token
lookahead to distinguish pattern syntax from expression syntax.
Track a precedence group through pattern parsing so that we can allow
different kinds of expressions in a top-level pattern (such as the
operand of `let`) and in a nested pattern (such as a subpattern of a
tuple pattern or within grouping parens). For example, we do not allow
`case if ...`, and for now I've chosen to also not allow logical or
relational operators at the top level of a pattern, so `case 1 + 1` is
OK, but `case 1 == 1` and `case true and false` require parentheses.
This decision should be ratified or revisited by a design proposal.
Very basic check support is also provided, only sufficient to form an
`ExprPattern` instruction and nothing beyond that. For now, all pattern
matching against an `ExprPattern` fails with a TODO error. To support
that, I've switched from calling `BeginSubpattern` in the parent handler
of a pattern and `EndSubpatternAs*` in the pattern handler itself to
calling both functions in parent handlers, with `EndSubpattern`
converting an expression into an expression pattern where needed.
Depends on #6976.
Assisted-by: Gemini via Google Antigravity
Do not treat it as a 1-tuple pattern as we used to. The design indicates
that `(pattern)` is invalid, but this appears to be an oversight, and
grouping parens appear to be the intended interpretation.
---------
Co-authored-by: Geoff Romer <gromer@google.com>
Use the same node kind for the body of `case` and `default` handlers. We
don't need to distinguish these in check, so don't create extra node
kinds for them.
In order to make the nodes properly delimited, make the label (`case
...` or `default`) nodes be children of the `=>` node rather than
siblings. This allows us to use the node kind of the `=>` as the
bracketing node for the complete handler, rather than having two
different bracketing node kinds, one for each kind of label.
This includes checking and lowering for concrete form literals. Support
for symbolic forms is future work.
---------
Co-authored-by: Jon Ross-Perkins <jperkins@google.com>
Fixes a compiler crash that occurs when a malformed lambda is provided
as an operand to an operator that strictly expects an expression
Changes:
- Emits an `InvalidParse` dummy node at the current position to act as a
placeholder for the missing body
- Changed state transitions so that `LambdaIntroducer` gets properly
wrapped into a `Lambda` node
Closes#6823
---------
Co-authored-by: Dana Jansens <danakj@orodu.net>
Co-authored-by: Carbon Infra Bot <carbon-external-infra@google.com>
This change ensures that a function signature always starts with an
`IdentifierNameMaybeBeforeSignature` node (renamed from
`IdentifierNameBeforeParams`), even in the case of function declarations
like `fn F -> T` that have no parameter list. As a consequence, this
ensures that we push new entries onto `pattern_block_stack` and
`full_pattern_stack` when we start processing the function signature.
Implementation of unused pattern bindings #2022, continued.
Whereas previous PR #6460 took care of parsing, and PR #6479 prepared
the stage by using _ in some test cases, this PR has the the actual
implementation, using a simple dataflow analysis.
---------
Co-authored-by: Burak Emir <bqe@google.com>
Co-authored-by: jonmeow <jperkins@google.com>
Add support for compile-time functions. `eval fn` is analogous to C++
`constexpr`, and is evaluated at compile time when it has compile-time
arguments. `musteval fn` is analogous to C++ `consteval`, and requires
that its arguments be available at compile time and is always evaluated
at compile time. For now we require the modifier to match across
redeclarations of the function. The specific modifier syntax here is a
placeholder and not yet part of an approved design.
Limitations: Only very basic support for evaluation is provided. So far
there's no support for mutable state or `if` expressions, but otherwise
control flow and passing and returning values should work. Carbon
evaluation recursion is modeled by C++ recursion for now, so you can
overflow the toolchain stack easily. Functions that use in-place
initialization will generally not work yet, as they are modeled as
passing a non-compile-time-constant reference to a temporary to the
call.
Add missing categorization of `name_binding_decl` as `NotExpr` to match
other similar declaration instructions like `FunctionDecl`, so that we
can uniformly skip over them when they occur within function bodies.
Assisted-by: Gemini 3 Pro and Flash via Antigravity
Mainly because "sorting_diagnostic_consumer" is legacy, since
`SortingDiagnosticConsumer` became `SortingConsumer`. Also better
reflecting contents of these files.
Where I'm not renaming, I'm less positive about dropping "diagnostics"
from "file_diagnostics" and "null_diagnostics" (which contain both a
consumer and emitter, and "null.h" seems like poor naming), so not doing
that here. Also "diagnostic.h" contains `struct Diagnostic`, so is a
decent fit.
Assisted-by: Google Antigravity with Gemini 3 Flash
This adds the necessary parser infrastructure to recognize and parse
lambda expressions in Carbon.
Key changes:
- Added and Parse Node Kinds.
- Updated to use to accommodate the growing number of node kinds.
- Implemented parser states and handlers for lambda syntax ( or ).
- Added structure to .
- Added diagnostics for missing lambda bodies.
- Added a stub in phase to defer semantic analysis using .
- Added parser tests for lambdas.
Every test that used `addr` before #6283 should be using `ref` after
this PR. In most cases that was done in #6283, but this PR transitions a
few that I missed in that first pass. In addition, #6283 cloned the old
`addr` tests from `foo.carbon` to `foo_addr.carbon` in order to maintain
test coverage during the transition; this PR removes those cloned tests.
There are two uses I'm not converting here, that seem to want the
"shortest" behavior. For everything else, I'm going to `zip_equal` since
it's more restrictive.
I wish `zip` were named `zip_shortest`.
This fixes various violations of C++'s One Definition Rule, where we
accidentally gave the same static data member multiple definitions in
different translation units. Clang happens to emit such definitions with
weak linkage, which allows us to get away with this without link errors,
but it's still formally incorrect.
Also switch keyword order around for a handful of instances of
`constexpr inline`, per agreement in open discussion.
This happens to reduce the size of a `-c dbg` toolchain binary by 7.2
MiB, presumably by making more of our symbols and especially debug info
discardable.
Lucile Rose Nihlen
Özgür T. Önsoy
Richard Smith
David Blaikie
Chandler Carruth
Geoff Romer
oli-ej
Dana Jansens
mstr-six
Nicholas Bishop
