json_view: from_json() of the macros reads views directly (#5922)

get<T>() and get_to() of a view call T's from_json() with the view itself
when that from_json() accepts views but not an unrelated probe type, and
fall back to materialize() otherwise. The from_json() functions of the
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_*, NLOHMANN_DEFINE_DERIVED_TYPE_* and
NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(_STRICT) macros accept basic_json values and
views; a derived type whose base reads only json reads the base part
through materialize(). The library's own from_json() overloads are not
called with views: from_json() of a view (and of the probe) only looks up
functions by ADL.

New public trait nlohmann::is_json_view<T>, and the member type
basic_json_type of basic_json_view. With duplicate keys, the members of
such a T are those the view's lookups find (the first ones).

bench_decode.cpp measures decoding into structs (4-6x faster than
materialize().get<T>() on twitter, citm_catalog, and synthetic records).

Signed-off-by: Niels Lohmann <mail@nlohmann.me>

docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_json_serialize_enum.md

@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
       Define [`JSON_USE_OBJECTS_FOR_ENUM_KEYED_MAPS`](json_use_objects_for_enum_keyed_maps.md) to store them as objects
       with the converted keys. Such maps can be read from both forms.
 
+!!! info "Views"
+
+    The generated `from_json()` also reads the views of [`json_document`](../json_document.md)s
+    (`<nlohmann/json_view.hpp>`), comparing the view with the entries of the mapping, without building a `json` value
+    first.
+
 ## Examples
 
 ??? example "Example: Basic usage"
@@ -88,3 +94,5 @@ inline void from_json(const BasicJsonType& j, type& e);
 ## Version history
 
 Added in version 3.4.0.
+
+The generated `from_json()` reads the views of `json_document`s since version 3.13.0.