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carbon-lang/toolchain/check/testdata/impl/lookup/unused_generic_binding.carbon
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Chandler Carruth 8be274cf60 Replace :! binding syntax with phase keywords and contextual defaults (#7479)
Implement the toolchain side of proposal #7254, removing the `:!`
binding
syntax for generic and template parameters in favor of the keywords
`generic`,
`template`, and `runtime` plus contextual defaults for phase.

For valid programs this is semantics-preserving: each binding resolves
to the
same phase, and produces the same SemIR, as it did under `:!`/`:`. The
parser
derives a binding's phase from its syntactic context plus any explicit
phase
keyword; new diagnostics and error recovery for misused keywords are
described
below.

Implementation details for each component:

- Lexer: remove the `:!` (`ColonExclaim`) token, move its virtual
parse-node
  budget onto `:`, and add the `generic` and `runtime` keywords.
- Parser: thread a `BindingContext` (`ExplicitParam`, `DeducedParam`, or
`CompileTimeEntityParam`) from declaration introducers down through
parameter
lists to each binding pattern, using a one-token lookahead to
distinguish a
name-qualifier parameter list from a declaration's own final list.
Parameters
of a compile-time entity (`class`, `interface`, `constraint`, `choice`,
`alias`, `export`, `namespace`) and deduced `[]` parameters default to
checked
generic; explicit function parameters and local bindings default to
runtime.
`HandleBindingPattern` resolves the phase from that context plus the
keyword: a
`generic` keyword needs no node of its own (the phase is carried by the
  binding's node kind), while a `runtime` keyword is preserved as a
`RuntimeBindingName` node so `check` can name it in a diagnostic. A
phase
keyword that is merely redundant with the contextual default is
diagnosed
  here, without invalidating the parse tree.
- Check: a phase keyword that is invalid for its context (for example
`runtime`
on a checked-generic parameter) is diagnosed here, and recovers by
building an
error binding that still introduces the name so that later uses of it do
not
  produce cascading errors.

The removed `:!` syntax is now rejected as an ordinary parse error.

The `form`/`:?`/`->?` ("extended types") portion of proposal #7254 is
left for a
separate change.

Assisted-by: Claude Code
2026-07-11 01:22:44 +00:00

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// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
// INCLUDE-FILE: toolchain/testing/testdata/min_prelude/convert.carbon
//
// AUTOUPDATE
// TIP: To test this file alone, run:
// TIP: bazel test //toolchain/testing:file_test --test_arg=--file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/impl/lookup/unused_generic_binding.carbon
// TIP: To dump output, run:
// TIP: bazel run //toolchain/testing:file_test -- --dump_output --file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/impl/lookup/unused_generic_binding.carbon
// --- fail_no_binding_used.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I where .T = () {}
class C {}
// This impl can never deduce its implicit generic parameter `V`, which
// should be diagnosed.
//
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_no_binding_used.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:13: error: `impl` with unused generic binding [ImplUnusedBinding]
// CHECK:STDERR: impl forall [V: type] C as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
impl forall [V: type] C as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
fn F() {
// This shows that the first impl declaration was matched even though the
// second is more specific. But since it has an unused generic parameter, it
// will never match. If the second was matched, this line would not type
// check.
let unused x: C.(I.T) = ();
}
// --- fail_one_binding_unused.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I where .T = () {}
class C {}
// This impl can never deduce its implicit generic parameter `W`, which
// should be diagnosed.
// https://discord.com/channels/655572317891461132/941071822756143115/1354563497731686550
//
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_one_binding_unused.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:13: error: `impl` with unused generic binding [ImplUnusedBinding]
// CHECK:STDERR: impl forall [V: type, W: type] V as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
impl forall [V: type, W: type] V as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
fn F() {
// This shows that the first impl declaration was matched even though the
// second is more specific. If the second was matched, it would not type
// check.
let unused x: C.(I.T) = ();
}
// --- fail_inherited_binding_unused.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I where .T = () {}
class C(U: type) {
// This impl can never deduce its inherited generic binding `U`, which
// should be diagnosed.
//
// TODO: We should point the diagnostic at the binding `U` in C.
//
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_inherited_binding_unused.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:3: error: `impl` with unused generic binding [ImplUnusedBinding]
// CHECK:STDERR: impl C(()) as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
impl C(()) as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
}
fn F() {
let unused x: C(()).(I.T) = ();
}
// --- fail_inherited_binding_in_forall_unused.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I where .T = () {}
class C(U: type) {
// This impl can never deduce its inherited generic binding `U`, which
// should be diagnosed.
//
// TODO: We should point the diagnostic at the binding `U` in C.
//
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_inherited_binding_in_forall_unused.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:15: error: `impl` with unused generic binding [ImplUnusedBinding]
// CHECK:STDERR: impl forall [V: type] C(V) as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
impl forall [V: type] C(V) as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
}
fn F() {
let unused x: C(()).(I.T) = ();
}
// --- inherited_binding_used.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
class C(U: type) {
// `U` can be deduced here, so no diagnostic issued.
impl C(U) as I where .T = () {}
}
fn F() {
// The `impl` inside C is matched here.
let unused x: C(()).(I.T) = ();
}
// --- inherited_binding_in_forall_used.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
interface I(W: type) {
let T: type;
}
impl forall [U: type] U as I(U) where .T = {.unmatched: ()} {}
class C(U: type) {
// `U` can be deduced here, so no diagnostic issued.
impl forall [V: type] C(U) as I(V) where .T = () {}
}
fn F() {
// The `impl` inside C is matched here.
let unused x: C(()).(I({}).T) = ();
}