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carbon-lang/toolchain/check/testdata/function/call/ref.carbon
T
Geoff RomerandRichard Smith e023f75254 Implement thunking in terms of constant evaluation (#7332) 
The bulk of this change is changing most pattern insts to be `Always`
rather than `AlwaysUnique` constants, so that they can be wrapped in
`SpecificConstant`s to perform substitution. That then lets thunking
rely much more on `SpecificConstant` wrappers instead of deep-copying
the inst tree with modified types.

This approach to thunking should scale better, particularly as things
like form generics make function signatures more complex, because we can
leverage the existing support for constant evaluation and substitution.
Unfortunately, applying this approach to binding patterns will require
more work; see the TODO near the top of `thunk.cpp` for details.

---------

Co-authored-by: Richard Smith <richard@metafoo.co.uk>
2026-06-13 00:22:00 +00:00

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// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
// INCLUDE-FILE: toolchain/testing/testdata/min_prelude/int.carbon
// EXTRA-ARGS: --dump-sem-ir-ranges=only
//
// AUTOUPDATE
// TIP: To test this file alone, run:
// TIP: bazel test //toolchain/testing:file_test --test_arg=--file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/function/call/ref.carbon
// TIP: To dump output, run:
// TIP: bazel run //toolchain/testing:file_test -- --dump_output --file_tests=toolchain/check/testdata/function/call/ref.carbon
// --- basics.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
//@dump-sem-ir-begin
fn F(ref x: i32);
fn G() {
var y: i32 = 0;
F(ref y);
}
//@dump-sem-ir-end
// --- class.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
//@dump-sem-ir-begin
class C {
fn F(ref self);
}
fn G() {
var c: C;
c.F();
}
//@dump-sem-ir-end
// --- fail_ref_not_durable_ref.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
fn F(ref x: i32);
fn G() {
let y: i32 = 0;
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_ref_not_durable_ref.carbon:[[@LINE+7]]:5: error: value expression passed to reference parameter [ValueForRefParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: F(ref y);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_ref_not_durable_ref.carbon:[[@LINE-7]]:6: note: initializing function parameter [InCallToFunctionParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: fn F(ref x: i32);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
F(ref y);
}
// --- fail_missing_ref.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
fn F(ref x: i32);
fn G() {
var y: i32 = 0;
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_missing_ref.carbon:[[@LINE+7]]:5: error: argument to `ref` parameter not marked with `ref` [RefParamNoRefTag]
// CHECK:STDERR: F(y);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_missing_ref.carbon:[[@LINE-7]]:6: note: initializing function parameter [InCallToFunctionParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: fn F(ref x: i32);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
F(y);
}
// --- fail_unnecessary_ref.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
fn F(x: i32);
fn G() {
var y: i32 = 0;
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_unnecessary_ref.carbon:[[@LINE+4]]:27: error: `ref` tag is not an argument to a `ref` parameter [RefTagNoRefParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: var unused z: (i32,) = (ref y,);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
var unused z: (i32,) = (ref y,);
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_unnecessary_ref.carbon:[[@LINE+7]]:5: error: `ref` tag is not an argument to a `ref` parameter [RefTagNoRefParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: F(ref y);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR: fail_unnecessary_ref.carbon:[[@LINE-13]]:6: note: initializing function parameter [InCallToFunctionParam]
// CHECK:STDERR: fn F(x: i32);
// CHECK:STDERR: ^~~~~~
// CHECK:STDERR:
F(ref y);
}
// --- converted_ref_arg.carbon
library "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
base class C {}
class D { extend base: C; }
fn F(ref c: C);
fn G(ref d: D) { F(ref d); }
// CHECK:STDOUT: --- basics.carbon
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: constants {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_32: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 32 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %empty_tuple.type: type = tuple_type () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %i32: type = class_type @Int, @Int(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %pattern_type.6b6: type = pattern_type %i32 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x.param_patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = ref_param_pattern [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x.patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = at_binding_pattern x, %x.param_patt [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F.type: type = fn_type @F [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F: %F.type = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G.type: type = fn_type @G [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G: %G.type = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %i32.builtin: type = int_type signed, %int_32 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = ref_binding_pattern y [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.var_patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = var_pattern %y.patt [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_0.5c6: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 0 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.type.914: type = facet_type <@ImplicitAs, @ImplicitAs(%i32)> [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %To: Core.IntLiteral = symbolic_binding To, 0 [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74: type = fn_type @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%To) [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.845: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74 = struct_value () [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23: <witness> = impl_witness imports.%ImplicitAs.impl_witness_table.b3c, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.2ba: type = fn_type @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.2ba = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.facet: %ImplicitAs.type.914 = facet_value Core.IntLiteral, (%ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert.type.740: type = fn_type @ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert, @ImplicitAs.WithSelf(%i32, %ImplicitAs.facet) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.1c5: type = fn_type_with_self_type %ImplicitAs.WithSelf.Convert.type.740, %ImplicitAs.facet [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.bound: <bound method> = bound_method %int_0.5c6, %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn: <specific function> = specific_function %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert(%int_32) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method: <bound method> = bound_method %int_0.5c6, %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_0.3c0: %i32 = int_value 0 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.type.1d8f74.2: type = fn_type @Destroy.Op.loc8_3.2 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.1a2547.2: %Destroy.Op.type.1d8f74.2 = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: imports {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.import_ref.edf: @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type (%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.type.e74) = import_ref Core//prelude/parts/int, loc{{\d+_\d+}}, loaded [symbolic = @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert (constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.845)]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %ImplicitAs.impl_witness_table.b3c = impl_witness_table (%Core.import_ref.edf), @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: file {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F.decl: %F.type = fn_decl @F [concrete = constants.%F] {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x.param_patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = ref_param_pattern [concrete = constants.%x.param_patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x.patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = at_binding_pattern x, %x.param_patt [concrete = constants.%x.patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: } {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x.param: ref %i32 = ref_param call_param0
// CHECK:STDOUT: %i32: type = type_literal constants.%i32 [concrete = constants.%i32]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %x: ref %i32 = ref_binding x, %x.param
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G.decl: %G.type = fn_decl @G [concrete = constants.%G] {} {}
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @F(%x.param: ref %i32);
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @G() {
// CHECK:STDOUT: !entry:
// CHECK:STDOUT: name_binding_decl {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = ref_binding_pattern y [concrete = constants.%y.patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.var_patt: %pattern_type.6b6 = var_pattern %y.patt [concrete = constants.%y.var_patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.var: ref %i32 = var %y.var_patt
// CHECK:STDOUT: %int_0: Core.IntLiteral = int_value 0 [concrete = constants.%int_0.5c6]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %impl.elem0: %.1c5 = impl_witness_access constants.%ImplicitAs.impl_witness.a23, element0 [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.e39]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method.loc8_3.1: <bound method> = bound_method %int_0, %impl.elem0 [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.bound]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %specific_fn: <specific function> = specific_function %impl.elem0, @Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert(constants.%int_32) [concrete = constants.%Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.specific_fn]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %bound_method.loc8_3.2: <bound method> = bound_method %int_0, %specific_fn [concrete = constants.%bound_method]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.call: init %i32 = call %bound_method.loc8_3.2(%int_0) [concrete = constants.%int_0.3c0]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc8: init %i32 = converted %int_0, %Core.IntLiteral.as.ImplicitAs.impl.Convert.call [concrete = constants.%int_0.3c0]
// CHECK:STDOUT: assign %y.var, %.loc8
// CHECK:STDOUT: %i32: type = type_literal constants.%i32 [concrete = constants.%i32]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y: ref %i32 = ref_binding y, %y.var
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F.ref: %F.type = name_ref F, file.%F.decl [concrete = constants.%F]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %y.ref: ref %i32 = name_ref y, %y
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc10: %i32 = ref_tag %y.ref
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F.call: init %empty_tuple.type = call %F.ref(%y.ref)
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.bound: <bound method> = bound_method %y.var, constants.%Destroy.Op.1a2547.2
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.call: init %empty_tuple.type = call %Destroy.Op.bound(%y.var)
// CHECK:STDOUT: return
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @Destroy.Op.loc8_3.1(%self.param: ref %i32.builtin) = "no_op";
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @Destroy.Op.loc8_3.2(%self.param: ref %i32) {
// CHECK:STDOUT: !entry:
// CHECK:STDOUT: return
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: --- class.carbon
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: constants {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C: type = class_type @C [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %pattern_type.98b: type = pattern_type %C [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self.param_patt.99a: %pattern_type.98b = ref_param_pattern [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self.patt.807: %pattern_type.98b = at_binding_pattern self, %self.param_patt.99a [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.F.type: type = fn_type @C.F [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %empty_tuple.type: type = tuple_type () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.F: %C.F.type = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %empty_struct_type: type = struct_type {} [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %complete_type: <witness> = complete_type_witness %empty_struct_type [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G.type: type = fn_type @G [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G: %G.type = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.patt: %pattern_type.98b = ref_binding_pattern c [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.var_patt: %pattern_type.98b = var_pattern %c.patt [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %DefaultOrUnformed.type: type = facet_type <@DefaultOrUnformed> [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %T.67d: type = symbolic_binding T, 0 [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.type.150: type = fn_type @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op, @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl(%T.67d) [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.53a: %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.type.150 = struct_value () [symbolic]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %DefaultOrUnformed.impl_witness.59d: <witness> = impl_witness imports.%DefaultOrUnformed.impl_witness_table.374, @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl(%C) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %DefaultOrUnformed.facet: %DefaultOrUnformed.type = facet_value %C, (%DefaultOrUnformed.impl_witness.59d) [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.type.1d8f74.2: type = fn_type @Destroy.Op.loc10_3.2 [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.1a2547.2: %Destroy.Op.type.1d8f74.2 = struct_value () [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: imports {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Core.import_ref.cc8: @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.%T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.type (%T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.type.150) = import_ref Core//prelude/parts/default, loc{{\d+_\d+}}, loaded [symbolic = @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.%T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op (constants.%T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.53a)]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %DefaultOrUnformed.impl_witness_table.374 = impl_witness_table (%Core.import_ref.cc8), @T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl [concrete]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: file {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.decl: type = class_decl @C [concrete = constants.%C] {} {}
// CHECK:STDOUT: %G.decl: %G.type = fn_decl @G [concrete = constants.%G] {} {}
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: class @C {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.F.decl: %C.F.type = fn_decl @C.F [concrete = constants.%C.F] {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self.param_patt: %pattern_type.98b = ref_param_pattern [concrete = constants.%self.param_patt.99a]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self.patt: %pattern_type.98b = at_binding_pattern self, %self.param_patt [concrete = constants.%self.patt.807]
// CHECK:STDOUT: } {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self.param: ref %C = ref_param call_param0
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Self.ref: type = name_ref Self, constants.%C [concrete = constants.%C]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %self: ref %C = ref_binding self, %self.param
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT: %complete_type: <witness> = complete_type_witness constants.%empty_struct_type [concrete = constants.%complete_type]
// CHECK:STDOUT: complete_type_witness = %complete_type
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: !members:
// CHECK:STDOUT: .Self = constants.%C
// CHECK:STDOUT: .F = %C.F.decl
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @C.F(%self.param: ref %C);
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @G() {
// CHECK:STDOUT: !entry:
// CHECK:STDOUT: name_binding_decl {
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.patt: %pattern_type.98b = ref_binding_pattern c [concrete = constants.%c.patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.var_patt: %pattern_type.98b = var_pattern %c.patt [concrete = constants.%c.var_patt]
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.var: ref %C = var %c.var_patt
// CHECK:STDOUT: %DefaultOrUnformed.facet: %DefaultOrUnformed.type = facet_value constants.%C, (constants.%DefaultOrUnformed.impl_witness.59d) [concrete = constants.%DefaultOrUnformed.facet]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc10_11.1: %DefaultOrUnformed.type = converted constants.%C, %DefaultOrUnformed.facet [concrete = constants.%DefaultOrUnformed.facet]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %as_type: type = facet_access_type %.loc10_11.1 [concrete = constants.%C]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc10_11.2: type = converted %.loc10_11.1, %as_type [concrete = constants.%C]
// CHECK:STDOUT: <elided>
// CHECK:STDOUT: %.loc10_3: ref %C = splice_block %c.var {}
// CHECK:STDOUT: %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.call: init %C to %.loc10_3 = call %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.specific_fn()
// CHECK:STDOUT: assign %c.var, %T.as.DefaultOrUnformed.impl.Op.call
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.ref: type = name_ref C, file.%C.decl [concrete = constants.%C]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c: ref %C = ref_binding c, %c.var
// CHECK:STDOUT: %c.ref: ref %C = name_ref c, %c
// CHECK:STDOUT: %F.ref: %C.F.type = name_ref F, @C.%C.F.decl [concrete = constants.%C.F]
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.F.bound: <bound method> = bound_method %c.ref, %F.ref
// CHECK:STDOUT: %C.F.call: init %empty_tuple.type = call %C.F.bound(%c.ref)
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.bound: <bound method> = bound_method %c.var, constants.%Destroy.Op.1a2547.2
// CHECK:STDOUT: %Destroy.Op.call: init %empty_tuple.type = call %Destroy.Op.bound(%c.var)
// CHECK:STDOUT: return
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @Destroy.Op.loc10_3.1(%self.param: ref %empty_struct_type) = "no_op";
// CHECK:STDOUT:
// CHECK:STDOUT: fn @Destroy.Op.loc10_3.2(%self.param: ref %C) {
// CHECK:STDOUT: !entry:
// CHECK:STDOUT: return
// CHECK:STDOUT: }
// CHECK:STDOUT:
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