carbon-lang/explorer/interpreter/impl_scope.cpp

// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#include "explorer/interpreter/impl_scope.h"

#include "explorer/ast/value.h"
#include "explorer/interpreter/type_checker.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"

using llvm::cast;
using llvm::dyn_cast;

namespace Carbon {

void ImplScope::Add(Nonnull<const Value*> iface, Nonnull<const Value*> type,
                    Nonnull<const Witness*> witness,
                    const TypeChecker& type_checker) {
  Add(iface, {}, type, {}, witness, type_checker);
}

void ImplScope::Add(Nonnull<const Value*> iface,
                    llvm::ArrayRef<Nonnull<const GenericBinding*>> deduced,
                    Nonnull<const Value*> type,
                    llvm::ArrayRef<Nonnull<const ImplBinding*>> impl_bindings,
                    Nonnull<const Witness*> witness,
                    const TypeChecker& type_checker) {
  if (const auto* constraint = dyn_cast<ConstraintType>(iface)) {
    // The caller should have substituted `.Self` for `type` already.
    Add(constraint->impl_constraints(), deduced, impl_bindings, witness,
        type_checker);
    // A parameterized impl declaration doesn't contribute any equality
    // constraints to the scope. Instead, we'll resolve the equality
    // constraints by resolving a witness when needed.
    if (deduced.empty()) {
      for (const auto& equality_constraint :
           constraint->equality_constraints()) {
        equalities_.push_back(&equality_constraint);
      }
    }
    return;
  }

  impls_.push_back({.interface = cast<InterfaceType>(iface),
                    .deduced = deduced,
                    .type = type,
                    .impl_bindings = impl_bindings,
                    .witness = witness});
}

void ImplScope::Add(llvm::ArrayRef<ImplConstraint> impls,
                    llvm::ArrayRef<Nonnull<const GenericBinding*>> deduced,
                    llvm::ArrayRef<Nonnull<const ImplBinding*>> impl_bindings,
                    Nonnull<const Witness*> witness,
                    const TypeChecker& type_checker) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i != impls.size(); ++i) {
    ImplConstraint impl = impls[i];
    Add(impl.interface, deduced, impl.type, impl_bindings,
        type_checker.MakeConstraintWitnessAccess(witness, i), type_checker);
  }
}

void ImplScope::AddParent(Nonnull<const ImplScope*> parent) {
  parent_scopes_.push_back(parent);
}

// Diagnose that `a_evaluated != b_evaluated` for the purpose of an equality
// constraint.
static auto DiagnoseUnequalValues(SourceLocation source_loc,
                                  Nonnull<const Value*> a_written,
                                  Nonnull<const Value*> a_evaluated,
                                  Nonnull<const Value*> b_written,
                                  Nonnull<const Value*> b_evaluated,
                                  Nonnull<const EqualityContext*> equality_ctx)
    -> Error {
  CARBON_CHECK(!ValueEqual(a_evaluated, b_evaluated, equality_ctx))
      << "expected unequal values";
  auto error = ProgramError(source_loc);
  error << "constraint requires that " << *a_written;
  if (!ValueEqual(a_written, a_evaluated, std::nullopt)) {
    error << " (with value " << *a_evaluated << ")";
  }
  error << " == " << *b_written;
  if (!ValueEqual(b_written, b_evaluated, std::nullopt)) {
    error << " (with value " << *b_evaluated << ")";
  }
  error << ", which is not known to be true";
  return std::move(error);
}

auto ImplScope::Resolve(Nonnull<const Value*> constraint_type,
                        Nonnull<const Value*> impl_type,
                        SourceLocation source_loc,
                        const TypeChecker& type_checker,
                        const Bindings& bindings) const
    -> ErrorOr<Nonnull<const Witness*>> {
  CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
      std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> witness,
      TryResolve(constraint_type, impl_type, source_loc, type_checker, bindings,
                 /*diagnose_missing_impl=*/true));
  CARBON_CHECK(witness) << "should have diagnosed missing impl";
  return *witness;
}

auto ImplScope::TryResolve(Nonnull<const Value*> constraint_type,
                           Nonnull<const Value*> impl_type,
                           SourceLocation source_loc,
                           const TypeChecker& type_checker,
                           const Bindings& bindings,
                           bool diagnose_missing_impl) const
    -> ErrorOr<std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>>> {
  if (const auto* iface_type = dyn_cast<InterfaceType>(constraint_type)) {
    iface_type =
        cast<InterfaceType>(type_checker.Substitute(bindings, iface_type));
    return TryResolveInterface(iface_type, impl_type, source_loc, type_checker,
                               diagnose_missing_impl);
  }
  if (const auto* constraint = dyn_cast<ConstraintType>(constraint_type)) {
    std::vector<Nonnull<const Witness*>> witnesses;
    for (auto impl : constraint->impl_constraints()) {
      // Note that later impl constraints can refer to earlier impl constraints
      // via impl bindings. For example, in
      //   `C where .Self.AssocType is D`,
      // ... the `.Self.AssocType is D` constraint refers to the `.Self is C`
      // constraint when naming `AssocType`. So incrementally build up a
      // partial constraint witness as we go.
      std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> witness;
      if (constraint->self_binding()->impl_binding()) {
        // Note, this is a partial impl binding covering only the impl
        // constraints that we've already seen. Earlier impl constraints should
        // not be able to refer to impl bindings for later impl constraints.
        witness = type_checker.MakeConstraintWitness(witnesses);
      }
      Bindings local_bindings = bindings;
      local_bindings.Add(constraint->self_binding(), impl_type, witness);
      CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
          std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> result,
          TryResolveInterface(
              cast<InterfaceType>(
                  type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, impl.interface)),
              type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, impl.type), source_loc,
              type_checker, diagnose_missing_impl));
      if (!result) {
        return {std::nullopt};
      }
      witnesses.push_back(*result);
    }

    // Check that all intrinsic, equality, and rewrite constraints
    // are satisfied in this scope.
    llvm::ArrayRef<IntrinsicConstraint> intrinsics =
        constraint->intrinsic_constraints();
    llvm::ArrayRef<EqualityConstraint> equals =
        constraint->equality_constraints();
    llvm::ArrayRef<RewriteConstraint> rewrites =
        constraint->rewrite_constraints();
    if (!intrinsics.empty() || !equals.empty() || !rewrites.empty()) {
      std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> witness;
      if (constraint->self_binding()->impl_binding()) {
        witness = type_checker.MakeConstraintWitness(witnesses);
      }
      Bindings local_bindings = bindings;
      local_bindings.Add(constraint->self_binding(), impl_type, witness);
      SingleStepEqualityContext equality_ctx(this);
      for (const auto& intrinsic : intrinsics) {
        IntrinsicConstraint converted = {
            .type = type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, intrinsic.type),
            .kind = intrinsic.kind,
            .arguments = {}};
        converted.arguments.reserve(intrinsic.arguments.size());
        for (Nonnull<const Value*> argument : intrinsic.arguments) {
          converted.arguments.push_back(
              type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, argument));
        }
        if (!type_checker.IsIntrinsicConstraintSatisfied(converted, *this)) {
          if (!diagnose_missing_impl) {
            return {std::nullopt};
          }
          return ProgramError(source_loc)
                 << "constraint requires that " << converted;
        }
      }
      for (const auto& equal : equals) {
        auto it = equal.values.begin();
        Nonnull<const Value*> first =
            type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, *it++);
        for (; it != equal.values.end(); ++it) {
          Nonnull<const Value*> current =
              type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, *it);
          if (!ValueEqual(first, current, &equality_ctx)) {
            if (!diagnose_missing_impl) {
              return {std::nullopt};
            }
            return DiagnoseUnequalValues(source_loc, equal.values.front(),
                                         first, *it, current, &equality_ctx);
          }
        }
      }
      for (const auto& rewrite : rewrites) {
        Nonnull<const Value*> constant =
            type_checker.Substitute(local_bindings, rewrite.constant);
        Nonnull<const Value*> value = type_checker.Substitute(
            local_bindings, rewrite.converted_replacement);
        if (!ValueEqual(constant, value, &equality_ctx)) {
          if (!diagnose_missing_impl) {
            return {std::nullopt};
          }
          return DiagnoseUnequalValues(source_loc, rewrite.constant, constant,
                                       rewrite.converted_replacement, value,
                                       &equality_ctx);
        }
      }
    }
    return {type_checker.MakeConstraintWitness(std::move(witnesses))};
  }
  CARBON_FATAL() << "expected a constraint, not " << *constraint_type;
}

auto ImplScope::VisitEqualValues(
    Nonnull<const Value*> value,
    llvm::function_ref<bool(Nonnull<const Value*>)> visitor) const -> bool {
  for (Nonnull<const EqualityConstraint*> eq : equalities_) {
    if (!eq->VisitEqualValues(value, visitor)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  for (Nonnull<const ImplScope*> parent : parent_scopes_) {
    if (!parent->VisitEqualValues(value, visitor)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

auto ImplScope::TryResolveInterface(Nonnull<const InterfaceType*> iface_type,
                                    Nonnull<const Value*> type,
                                    SourceLocation source_loc,
                                    const TypeChecker& type_checker,
                                    bool diagnose_missing_impl) const
    -> ErrorOr<std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>>> {
  CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
      std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> result,
      TryResolveInterfaceRecursively(iface_type, type, source_loc, *this,
                                     type_checker));
  if (!result.has_value() && diagnose_missing_impl) {
    return ProgramError(source_loc) << "could not find implementation of "
                                    << *iface_type << " for " << *type;
  }
  return result;
}

// Combines the results of two impl lookups. In the event of a tie, arbitrarily
// prefer `a` over `b`.
static auto CombineResults(Nonnull<const InterfaceType*> iface_type,
                           Nonnull<const Value*> type,
                           SourceLocation source_loc,
                           std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> a,
                           std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> b)
    -> ErrorOr<std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>>> {
  // If only one lookup succeeded, return that.
  if (!b) {
    return a;
  }
  if (!a) {
    return b;
  }

  // If either of them was a symbolic result, then they'll end up being
  // equivalent. In that case, pick `a`.
  const auto* impl_a = dyn_cast<ImplWitness>(*a);
  const auto* impl_b = dyn_cast<ImplWitness>(*b);
  if (!impl_b) {
    return a;
  }
  if (!impl_a) {
    return b;
  }

  // If they refer to the same `impl` declaration, it doesn't matter which one
  // we pick, so we pick `a`.
  // TODO: Compare the identities of the `impl`s, not the declarations.
  if (&impl_a->declaration() == &impl_b->declaration()) {
    return a;
  }

  // TODO: Order the `impl`s based on type structure.

  // If the declarations appear in the same `match_first` block, whichever
  // appears first wins.
  // TODO: Once we support an impl being declared more than once, we will need
  // to check this more carefully.
  if (impl_a->declaration().match_first() &&
      impl_a->declaration().match_first() ==
          impl_b->declaration().match_first()) {
    for (const auto* impl : (*impl_a->declaration().match_first())->impls()) {
      if (impl == &impl_a->declaration()) {
        return a;
      }
      if (impl == &impl_b->declaration()) {
        return b;
      }
    }
  }
  return ProgramError(source_loc)
         << "ambiguous implementations of " << *iface_type << " for " << *type;
}

auto ImplScope::TryResolveInterfaceRecursively(
    Nonnull<const InterfaceType*> iface_type, Nonnull<const Value*> type,
    SourceLocation source_loc, const ImplScope& original_scope,
    const TypeChecker& type_checker) const
    -> ErrorOr<std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>>> {
  CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
      std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> result,
      TryResolveInterfaceHere(iface_type, type, source_loc, original_scope,
                              type_checker));
  for (Nonnull<const ImplScope*> parent : parent_scopes_) {
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> parent_result,
        parent->TryResolveInterfaceRecursively(iface_type, type, source_loc,
                                               original_scope, type_checker));
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(result, CombineResults(iface_type, type, source_loc,
                                                   result, parent_result));
  }
  return result;
}

auto ImplScope::TryResolveInterfaceHere(
    Nonnull<const InterfaceType*> iface_type, Nonnull<const Value*> impl_type,
    SourceLocation source_loc, const ImplScope& original_scope,
    const TypeChecker& type_checker) const
    -> ErrorOr<std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>>> {
  std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> result = std::nullopt;
  for (const Impl& impl : impls_) {
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(std::optional<Nonnull<const Witness*>> m,
                            type_checker.MatchImpl(*iface_type, impl_type, impl,
                                                   original_scope, source_loc));
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        result, CombineResults(iface_type, impl_type, source_loc, result, m));
  }
  return result;
}

// TODO: Add indentation when printing the parents.
void ImplScope::Print(llvm::raw_ostream& out) const {
  out << "impls: ";
  llvm::ListSeparator sep;
  for (const Impl& impl : impls_) {
    out << sep << *(impl.type) << " as " << *(impl.interface);
  }
  for (Nonnull<const EqualityConstraint*> eq : equalities_) {
    out << sep;
    llvm::ListSeparator equal(" == ");
    for (Nonnull<const Value*> value : eq->values) {
      out << equal << *value;
    }
  }
  out << "\n";
  for (const Nonnull<const ImplScope*>& parent : parent_scopes_) {
    out << *parent;
  }
}

auto SingleStepEqualityContext::VisitEqualValues(
    Nonnull<const Value*> value,
    llvm::function_ref<bool(Nonnull<const Value*>)> visitor) const -> bool {
  return impl_scope_->VisitEqualValues(value, visitor);
}

}  // namespace Carbon