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carbon-lang/core/prelude/copy.carbon
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Chandler Carruth 8be274cf60 Replace :! binding syntax with phase keywords and contextual defaults (#7479)
Implement the toolchain side of proposal #7254, removing the `:!`
binding
syntax for generic and template parameters in favor of the keywords
`generic`,
`template`, and `runtime` plus contextual defaults for phase.

For valid programs this is semantics-preserving: each binding resolves
to the
same phase, and produces the same SemIR, as it did under `:!`/`:`. The
parser
derives a binding's phase from its syntactic context plus any explicit
phase
keyword; new diagnostics and error recovery for misused keywords are
described
below.

Implementation details for each component:

- Lexer: remove the `:!` (`ColonExclaim`) token, move its virtual
parse-node
  budget onto `:`, and add the `generic` and `runtime` keywords.
- Parser: thread a `BindingContext` (`ExplicitParam`, `DeducedParam`, or
`CompileTimeEntityParam`) from declaration introducers down through
parameter
lists to each binding pattern, using a one-token lookahead to
distinguish a
name-qualifier parameter list from a declaration's own final list.
Parameters
of a compile-time entity (`class`, `interface`, `constraint`, `choice`,
`alias`, `export`, `namespace`) and deduced `[]` parameters default to
checked
generic; explicit function parameters and local bindings default to
runtime.
`HandleBindingPattern` resolves the phase from that context plus the
keyword: a
`generic` keyword needs no node of its own (the phase is carried by the
  binding's node kind), while a `runtime` keyword is preserved as a
`RuntimeBindingName` node so `check` can name it in a diagnostic. A
phase
keyword that is merely redundant with the contextual default is
diagnosed
  here, without invalidating the parse tree.
- Check: a phase keyword that is invalid for its context (for example
`runtime`
on a checked-generic parameter) is diagnosed here, and recovers by
building an
error binding that still introduces the name so that later uses of it do
not
  produce cascading errors.

The removed `:!` syntax is now rejected as an ordinary parse error.

The `form`/`:?`/`->?` ("extended types") portion of proposal #7254 is
left for a
separate change.

Assisted-by: Claude Code
2026-07-11 01:22:44 +00:00

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// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
package Core library "prelude/copy";
// Copying an object, which is a conversion from a value representation to an
// initializing representation.
interface Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self;
}
private fn MakeBool() -> type = "bool.make_type";
private alias Bool = MakeBool();
private fn MakeCharLiteral() -> type = "char_literal.make_type";
private alias CharLiteral = MakeCharLiteral();
private fn MakeFloatLiteral() -> type = "float_literal.make_type";
private alias FloatLiteral = MakeFloatLiteral();
private fn MakeIntLiteral() -> type = "int_literal.make_type";
private alias IntLiteral = MakeIntLiteral();
impl forall [T: Copy] const T as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self { return (self as T).(Copy.Op)() as const T; }
}
impl Bool as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
impl CharLiteral as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
impl FloatLiteral as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
impl IntLiteral as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
impl type as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
impl forall [T: type] T* as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "primitive_copy";
}
// TODO: Implement tuple copy as a variadic generic impl.
impl () as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self = "no_op";
}
impl forall [T: Copy] (T,) as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self {
return (self.0.Op(),);
}
}
impl forall [T: Copy, U: Copy] (T, U) as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self {
return (self.0.Op(), self.1.Op());
}
}
impl forall [T: Copy, U: Copy, V: Copy] (T, U, V) as Copy {
fn Op(self) -> Self {
return (self.0.Op(), self.1.Op(), self.2.Op());
}
}