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carbon-lang/examples/advent2024/sort.carbon
T
Chandler Carruthandjosh11b 7871237c15 Move self to the explicit () parameter list (proposal #7016) (#7272)
Implements proposal #7016: `self` moves from the deduced implicit list
(`fn F[self: Self]()`) to the front of the explicit list. Its type may
be written explicitly (`fn F(self: Self)`) or omitted, in which case it
defaults to `Self` (`fn F(self)`, `fn F(ref self)`); `self` in the
implicit list is rejected.

Throughout checking, `self` is modeled as the first explicit parameter.
Because a method is just a function whose first parameter is `self`, it
can also be called as an ordinary function with the receiver passed
explicitly (`Type.M(obj, ...)`), not only as `obj.M(...)`. A new
`SemIR::CallArgParamPatterns` helper chooses the parameters matched
against the explicit arguments, excluding a leading `self` only when it
is supplied as a method-call receiver; arity checking, conversion, and
generic deduction use it. The resulting SemIR and lowering are
unchanged: `self` is still `call_param0`, and witnesses, thunks, and
vtables are unaffected.

An omitted `self` type is parsed as a `SelfBindingPattern` node with no
type expression; checking synthesizes the `Self` type so it behaves
exactly like `self: Self`. However, the exact spelling used must match
between a forward declaration and a definition, following #3763's rules
around declaration matching.

Generated functions, thunks, and C++ interop import/export build `self`
as the first explicit parameter, and the `self`-type override (e.g.
Derived->Base for a virtual override) applies to the explicit `self`.
Placement is validated by new diagnostics: `SelfInImplicitParamList`,
`SelfNotFirstParam`, and `SelfOutsideParamList`. The benchmark source
generator and the documentation adopt the `(self)` shorthand; the
prelude, the examples, and the test data are migrated in the following
commits.

Assisted-by: Claude Code with Claude Opus 4.7

---------

Co-authored-by: josh11b <15258583+josh11b@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-06-10 15:30:43 +00:00

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// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
library "sort";
interface Ordered {
// extend require impls Core.OrderedWith(Self);
fn Less(self, other: Self) -> bool;
fn LessOrEquivalent(self, other: Self) -> bool;
fn Greater(self, other: Self) -> bool;
fn GreaterOrEquivalent(self, other: Self) -> bool;
}
impl i32 as Ordered {
fn Less(self, other: Self) -> bool { return self < other; }
fn LessOrEquivalent(self, other: Self) -> bool { return self <= other; }
fn Greater(self, other: Self) -> bool { return self > other; }
fn GreaterOrEquivalent(self, other: Self) -> bool { return self >= other; }
}
fn Swap[T:! Core.Copy & Core.Destroy](ref from: T, ref to: T) {
var tmp: T = from;
from = to;
to = tmp;
}
fn Partition
[T:! Core.Copy & Core.Destroy & Ordered, N:! Core.IntLiteral]
(ref a: array(T, N), from_in: i32, to_in: i32) -> i32 {
var pivot_index: i32 = from_in;
let pivot: T = a[pivot_index];
var from: i32 = from_in + 1;
var to: i32 = to_in;
while (from < to) {
// TODO: if (a[from] <= pivot) {
if (a[from].(Ordered.LessOrEquivalent)(pivot)) {
++from;
// TODO: } else if ((*p)[to - 1] > pivot) {
} else if (a[to - 1].(Ordered.Greater)(pivot)) {
--to;
} else {
// Element at `from` is > pivot, and
// element at `to - 1` is <= pivot.
Swap(ref a[from], ref a[to - 1]);
++from;
--to;
}
}
Swap(ref a[pivot_index], ref a[from - 1]);
return from - 1;
}
fn Quicksort
[T:! Core.Copy & Core.Destroy & Ordered, N:! Core.IntLiteral]
(ref a: array(T, N), from: i32, to: i32) {
if (from + 1 >= to) { return; }
var pivot: i32 = Partition(ref a, from, to);
Quicksort(ref a, from, pivot);
Quicksort(ref a, pivot + 1, to);
}