This handles namespacing of functions. Parsing and semantics are changed
significantly, while lowering works without changes. Variables can't be
namespaced yet because they're dealing with patterns, and I didn't dig
through that code.
Most of the logic is done through the new name declaration stack, which
is necessary because semantics isn't quite sure where the declaration
name ends. It'd be complex for parsing to send a signal about this,
probably involving node variants and rewrites of the tree, and this
solution seems to work well. Unfortunately this means a new stack, but
that may be inevitable due to the extra information needing to be
tracked.
Note this doesn't deal with scoped lookups of non-namespace things,
which we'll need for generics. That'll probably involve pushing resolved
scopes onto a stack (or maybe just setting a singleton value?) to affect
contextual name lookup. But, I think the basics are there to make it
work when we can test the behavior.
This renames "designator expression" to "qualified expression" and adds
"qualified declaration" in order to use terminology more consistent with
C++.
Namespaces will probably need to be considered for name mangling down
the line, but this still uses the basic name.
Add validation that every code block in a function is terminated by a sequence of terminating instructions, and that terminators don't appear anywhere else in code blocks.
This required tracking whether we're in a reachable code block. That's done on the fly when we create a new code block; the new `SemanticsNodeBlockId::Unreachable` is used to represent the case where we're not actually creating a code block because we're in unreachable code.
This follows the same structure as `if` expressions, except that no
result value is needed.
Semantics IR building for code blocks is also added. Rather than popping
all the node stack entries we push for statements within a code block,
change statements and declarations to not push themselves onto the
stack. We're not notionally performing work recursively within prior
statements, and we don't need their value for anything, so it seems
cleaner to not push them. This also allows statements and declarations
to determine what syntactic context they're in by peeking at the top of
the stack, though that's not used in this patch.
Add semantic analysis and semantics IR building for `if` expressions, and add the first parts of control flow handling to semantics IR. After discussion with @chandlerc, use [block arguments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_single-assignment_form#Block_arguments) to convey values from the two arms of the `if` to the result. For now, only a single block argument is supported, but we should revisit this as we explore more of the requirements of the Semantics IR form.
Functions can now contain multiple code blocks, so grab the entry block up-front instead of assuming the entry block will be at the top of the block stack when we reach the end of function emission.
Add trivial support for `bool` type literal, because without it we can't write testcases.
This shifts logic so that bindings are added to name lookup only after the scope is complete, removing logic around adding/removing/re-adding names in certain scopes.
This does mean that things like a function's forward declaration will need to go through an extra hoop for name conflict checks, because under this approach a function definition does conflict checking when it adds names for the body's use. But, that seems easy to address, and better than the current hoops.
This handles the basics of type and value for structs. Structurally, these look like parameters and arguments (respectively) because expressions/generics may result in multiple IR nodes being generated.
Because `{}` needs to be cast to a type for storage, I'm also adding some validation that's not specific to `{}`, e.g. that `1` shouldn't be valid as a type for storage (previously, nothing errored for that).
This adds more stringification of types, particularly literals, because they come up in value errors now.
ImplicitAs is the result of me mulling whether I'm taking the right approach on type conversions. I think it needs to return a value so that if the implicit cast rewrites the value, the result is accessible to the caller. I may reorient the current TryTypeConversion logic to be more based on the ImplicitAs logic.
This adds tracking of call information plus basic type checking. It adds a builtin for the empty tuple, mainly so that I have the basis for a default function return type.
As an aside, it also unifies printing within SemanticsIR, fixing a missing comma after callables.
Co-authored-by: Richard Smith <richard@metafoo.co.uk>
Reals were mostly handled, but this PR adds storage of them. It also switches a little towards the FloatingPointType semantic from TokenizedBuffer.
While real literals like `1.0` were handled, the type literals were not. This just adds `f64`, similar to how I also only support `i32`.
The String type literal wasn't used, so I've added support in lexer and parser. Per discussion with @zygoloid String might be renamed based on the newer type literal plan, but it's still String in explorer and the design, so this is just consistent.
The builtin_types.carbon tests the three basic types that are there right now. The test is added to both parser and semantics so that it's clear what the state is in both stages.
This switches to single list storage of SemanticsNode. The driving motivation behind this is to simplify cross-references within a given IR. Types of nodes will frequently refer to other blocks. This causes a significant increase in the number of cross-references, which can become difficult to manage (and reason about). By reducing to a single list of nodes, cross-references are only needed when crossing IR boundaries.
Because cross-references now only have 2 things to track (IR and index), they can be a regular SemanticsNode and don't need further indirection. This wasn't motivating, but feels like it reinforces the simplification.
Note this isn't being used to deduplicate nodes, at least right now. That could lead to difficult-to-update situations, but also most nodes are associated with the underlying ParseTree::Node in order to track sources for diagnostics; as a consequence, nodes representing equal text in different source locations wouldn't be the same node. There may be future opportunities here, discussed with @zygoloid, but no action is taken at present.
We may eventually want to switch the storage of NodeBlocks to have `[start, end)` ranges instead of individual numbers, but I'm leaving that alone for now.
As an aside, I noticed I was accidentally overloading the copy constructor on SemanticsIR. I've added some disambiguation on that, but am not deleting the copy constructor per style advice (even though the type should never be copied due to storage size).
codespell tries to change `CrossReference -> cross-reference` so disabling it there.
This is a first pass at what semantic type checking might look like. Types propagate along nodes, we use an InvalidType object when there's an error, and once there's an InvalidType we stop doing so much type checking.
This adds some RealLiteral handling in order to get type mismatches. I'm cautious about creating some real value for SemanticsIR (since the tokenized buffer version is a bit constrained), so I'm not doing that yet. But I will probably need to in order to maintain SemanticsIR having hermetic copies of its data, without a parse tree dependency.
This starts adding builtins with TypeType and IntegerLiteralType. Note, structurally that's all they are, and not directly accessible in any way.
Adds a type field to SemanticsNode. Now, IntegerLiteralType can be identified as having type=TypeType, and IntegerLiteral as type=IntegerLiteralType. The current iteration doesn't do anything for type propagation, because I wanted to avoid making this too big.
This also switches the Identifier IR to instead BindName, with some side-effects. I'd been trying to think how to provide a name for TypeType, and switching around how things worked seemed like a better approach. And while I think it's the right direction (e.g., alias should just be a BindName), I also realized I don't need to name TypeType: there's probably a keyword to refer to the builtin, so it shouldn't use regular name lookup.
As I'm looking at adding builtins, it feels a bit like the types of args will end up scaling close to the number of semantic kinds. Rather than having this lead to a bunch of macros, this approach drops the macros for plain code.
Note, this adds Get functions too -- I'd planned those regardless for type safety, this is just getting ahead of the issue so that the Print function is pretty clean.
As a step towards builtins, provide more blocks. The intent is that any significant scope change will become its own NodeBlock. Builtins should produce the first set of node blocks.
Note, SemanticsIR as set up here isn't handling ordering of import processing -- I haven't thought that through much beyond that we probably want some lighter-weight processing of the parse tree to achieve it. But I think the essence of loading builtins first as their own IR block is... probably right?
This rewrites semantics towards a more pure instruction model, in pursuit of the simple instruction-style output.
I think I can get this approach to type-check as it goes along, but obviously this change doesn't prove that yet. I'm separating it out because it's a large rewrite of the semantics structure, tossing out a lot of what was there before. But I think it does help towards several requests, like setting up a clear path for consolidating duplicate identifiers and making the node style more standardized.
I expect to need to pass multiple args to function calls, that'd probably be storing vectors of args similar to how I'm showing identifiers and integer literals stored.
This removes the semantics namespace because (a) it was getting annoying writing the `::` everywhere, and (b) I think the leaning with Carbon is to avoid namespaces (@chandlerc asked not to put SemanticsIR/SemanticsFactory in a namespace, which is the crux of the issue). But, it's still necessary to avoid name conflicts so I just prefix everything with "Semantics" (still a lot of typing, but no `::`).
Jon Ross-Perkins
Richard Smith