Add well-known identifier caching (#6486)

I'm doing this because I figured it'd be an incremental improvement for
all the operator lookups that we do. Even to the extent that we've
discussed witness caching, I think it'll still apply. It does add one
more step to adding new interfaces (before, you'd just write the string,
now you add it to the def file and reference it).

I'll claim it makes GetClangOperatorKind a lot friendlier to read/edit,
nevermind removing the string comparisons. :)

toolchain/check/core_identifier.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#include "toolchain/check/core_identifier.h"
+
+namespace Carbon::Check {
+
+CARBON_DEFINE_ENUM_CLASS_NAMES(CoreIdentifier) {
+#define CARBON_CORE_IDENTIFIER(Name) CARBON_ENUM_CLASS_NAME_STRING(Name)
+#include "toolchain/check/core_identifier.def"
+};
+
+}  // namespace Carbon::Check