Properly diagnose ambiguous .Self in T impls X where... (#7132)

A `where` expression nested inside a `T impls X` constraint makes
`.Self` ambiguous on the right-hand side of the `where` if `T` is
anything other than `.Self`. After the `where`, the value of a `.Self`
could be `T` or could be the value of `.Self` before the `impls`
constraint: the so-called top-level value of `.Self`.

Implicit use of `.Self` in designators is always allowed, and they are
bound (and replaced by a reference) to the inner-most possible value of
`.Self`. On the right-hand side of the nested `where` above, they have
the value `T as X`.

`.Self impls ...` is also always allowed, since it acts more as a
keyword here, and it always refers to the inner-most possible value of
`.Self`.

Any other explicit use of `.Self` is diagnosed when ambiguous, in any
kind of constraint. This is done in the handling of `WhereExpr` since it
has enough context to allow `.Self impls` (which is an explicit use)
while disallowing other explicit uses. And because it has non-canonical
instructions to work with, so it is able to diagnose errors with precise
locations.

Since `.Self` is no longer going to be marked with depth modifiers, the
eval of `WhereExpr` does not need an input facet value instruction
representing `.Self` to compare with, as they are now going to all be
equivalent. So revert it back to just looking for the `PeriodSelf` name
id, through a shared helper being introduced as `IsPeriodSelf`. And drop
the period self InstId from the `WhereExpr` instruction. This causes
most of the formatted SemIR changes.

Move helpers for working with and replacing `.Self` to their own file,
out of the `facet_type.h` header/cpp files. These are working with
`.Self` facet values more than facet types, though `.Self` is a name
that only exists inside the scope of a facet type.

toolchain/check/handle_binding_pattern.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "toolchain/check/interface.h"
 #include "toolchain/check/name_lookup.h"
 #include "toolchain/check/pattern.h"
+#include "toolchain/check/period_self.h"
 #include "toolchain/check/return.h"
 #include "toolchain/check/type.h"
 #include "toolchain/check/type_completion.h"