diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/BUILD b/executable_semantics/ast/BUILD
index b4f284e7d12e..d36c2604fa8c 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/BUILD
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/BUILD
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ cc_library(
     deps = [
         ":declaration",
         ":library_name",
+        ":static_scope",
     ],
 )
 
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ cc_library(
         ":pattern",
         ":source_location",
         ":statement",
+        ":static_scope",
         "//common:ostream",
         "//executable_semantics/common:nonnull",
         "@llvm-project//llvm:Support",
@@ -101,6 +103,7 @@ cc_library(
     deps = [
         ":expression",
         ":source_location",
+        ":static_scope",
         "//common:ostream",
         "//executable_semantics/common:arena",
         "//executable_semantics/common:error",
@@ -119,10 +122,24 @@ cc_test(
     ],
 )
 
+cc_library(
+    name = "static_scope",
+    srcs = ["static_scope.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["static_scope.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":source_location",
+        "//executable_semantics/common:arena",
+        "//executable_semantics/common:error",
+    ],
+)
+
 cc_library(
     name = "source_location",
     hdrs = ["source_location.h"],
-    deps = ["//common:ostream"],
+    deps = [
+        "//common:ostream",
+        "//executable_semantics/common:nonnull",
+    ],
 )
 
 cc_library(
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/ast.h b/executable_semantics/ast/ast.h
index 7d761e046368..80782cbe139d 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/ast.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/ast.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/library_name.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/common/nonnull.h"
 
 namespace Carbon {
@@ -23,6 +24,8 @@ struct AST {
   std::vector<LibraryName> imports;
   // The file's ordered declarations.
   std::vector<Nonnull<Declaration*>> declarations;
+  // Names declared at the top level of the file.
+  StaticScope static_scope;
 };
 
 }  // namespace Carbon
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/class_definition.h b/executable_semantics/ast/class_definition.h
index 9a28da7dad49..bc9a013357d3 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/class_definition.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/class_definition.h
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@
 
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/member.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/source_location.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
 
 namespace Carbon {
 
+class StaticScope;
+
 class ClassDefinition {
  public:
   ClassDefinition(SourceLocation source_loc, std::string name,
@@ -25,10 +28,15 @@ class ClassDefinition {
   auto name() const -> const std::string& { return name_; }
   auto members() const -> llvm::ArrayRef<Nonnull<Member*>> { return members_; }
 
+  // Contains class members.
+  auto static_scope() const -> const StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+  auto static_scope() -> StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+
  private:
   SourceLocation source_loc_;
   std::string name_;
   std::vector<Nonnull<Member*>> members_;
+  StaticScope static_scope_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace Carbon
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.cpp b/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.cpp
index 6ba53fcfa8eb..46d75d7349a6 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.cpp
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ void FunctionDeclaration::PrintDepth(int depth, llvm::raw_ostream& out) const {
       if (i != 0) {
         out << ", ";
       }
-      out << deduced.name << ":! ";
-      deduced.type->Print(out);
+      out << deduced.name() << ":! ";
+      deduced.type().Print(out);
       ++i;
     }
     out << "]";
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h b/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h
index 38d49fe29543..0a623e98b167 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/source_location.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/statement.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/common/nonnull.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
 
 namespace Carbon {
 
+class StaticScope;
+
 // Abstract base class of all AST nodes representing patterns.
 //
 // Declaration and its derived classes support LLVM-style RTTI, including
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ namespace Carbon {
 // every concrete derived class must have a corresponding enumerator
 // in `Kind`; see https://llvm.org/docs/HowToSetUpLLVMStyleRTTI.html for
 // details.
-class Declaration {
+class Declaration : public NamedEntityInterface {
  public:
   enum class Kind {
     FunctionDeclaration,
@@ -48,7 +51,11 @@ class Declaration {
   // object.
   auto kind() const -> Kind { return kind_; }
 
-  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation { return source_loc_; }
+  auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+    return NamedEntityKind::Declaration;
+  }
+
+  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override { return source_loc_; }
 
   // The static type of the declared entity. Cannot be called before
   // typechecking.
@@ -78,9 +85,24 @@ class Declaration {
 
 // TODO: expand the kinds of things that can be deduced parameters.
 //   For now, only generic parameters are supported.
-struct GenericBinding {
-  std::string name;
-  Nonnull<const Expression*> type;
+struct GenericBinding : public NamedEntityInterface {
+ public:
+  GenericBinding(SourceLocation source_loc, std::string name,
+                 Nonnull<Expression*> type)
+      : source_loc_(source_loc), name_(std::move(name)), type_(type) {}
+
+  auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+    return NamedEntityKind::GenericBinding;
+  }
+
+  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override { return source_loc_; }
+  auto name() const -> const std::string& { return name_; }
+  auto type() const -> const Expression& { return *type_; }
+
+ private:
+  SourceLocation source_loc_;
+  std::string name_;
+  Nonnull<Expression*> type_;
 };
 
 class FunctionDeclaration : public Declaration {
@@ -119,6 +141,10 @@ class FunctionDeclaration : public Declaration {
   auto body() const -> std::optional<Nonnull<const Block*>> { return body_; }
   auto body() -> std::optional<Nonnull<Block*>> { return body_; }
 
+  // Only contains function parameters. Scoped variables are in the body.
+  auto static_scope() const -> const StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+  auto static_scope() -> StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+
  private:
   std::string name_;
   std::vector<GenericBinding> deduced_parameters_;
@@ -126,6 +152,7 @@ class FunctionDeclaration : public Declaration {
   Nonnull<Pattern*> return_type_;
   bool is_omitted_return_type_;
   std::optional<Nonnull<Block*>> body_;
+  StaticScope static_scope_;
 };
 
 class ClassDeclaration : public Declaration {
@@ -148,15 +175,24 @@ class ClassDeclaration : public Declaration {
 
 class ChoiceDeclaration : public Declaration {
  public:
-  class Alternative {
+  class Alternative : public NamedEntityInterface {
    public:
-    Alternative(std::string name, Nonnull<Expression*> signature)
-        : name_(std::move(name)), signature_(signature) {}
+    Alternative(SourceLocation source_loc, std::string name,
+                Nonnull<Expression*> signature)
+        : source_loc_(source_loc),
+          name_(std::move(name)),
+          signature_(signature) {}
 
+    auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+      return NamedEntityKind::ChoiceDeclarationAlternative;
+    }
+
+    auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override { return source_loc_; }
     auto name() const -> const std::string& { return name_; }
     auto signature() const -> const Expression& { return *signature_; }
 
    private:
+    SourceLocation source_loc_;
     std::string name_;
     Nonnull<Expression*> signature_;
   };
@@ -176,9 +212,14 @@ class ChoiceDeclaration : public Declaration {
     return alternatives_;
   }
 
+  // Contains the alternatives.
+  auto static_scope() const -> const StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+  auto static_scope() -> StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+
  private:
   std::string name_;
   std::vector<Alternative> alternatives_;
+  StaticScope static_scope_;
 };
 
 // Global variable definition implements the Declaration concept.
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/member.h b/executable_semantics/ast/member.h
index 0a57500e3fb4..b52a0daec442 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/member.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/member.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Carbon {
 // every concrete derived class must have a corresponding enumerator
 // in `Kind`; see https://llvm.org/docs/HowToSetUpLLVMStyleRTTI.html for
 // details.
-class Member {
+class Member : public NamedEntityInterface {
  public:
   enum class Kind { FieldMember };
 
@@ -37,7 +37,11 @@ class Member {
   // object.
   auto kind() const -> Kind { return kind_; }
 
-  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation { return source_loc_; }
+  auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+    return NamedEntityKind::Member;
+  }
+
+  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override { return source_loc_; }
 
  protected:
   // Constructs a Member representing syntax at the given line number.
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h b/executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h
index a6917a7d48a1..7cb02b079513 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "common/ostream.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/expression.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/source_location.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 
 namespace Carbon {
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ class AutoPattern : public Pattern {
 
 // A pattern that matches a value of a specified type, and optionally binds
 // a name to it.
-class BindingPattern : public Pattern {
+class BindingPattern : public Pattern, public NamedEntityInterface {
  public:
   BindingPattern(SourceLocation source_loc, std::optional<std::string> name,
                  Nonnull<Pattern*> type)
@@ -108,6 +109,14 @@ class BindingPattern : public Pattern {
         name_(std::move(name)),
         type_(type) {}
 
+  auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+    return NamedEntityKind::BindingPattern;
+  }
+
+  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override {
+    return Pattern::source_loc();
+  }
+
   static auto classof(const Pattern* pattern) -> bool {
     return pattern->kind() == Kind::BindingPattern;
   }
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/statement.h b/executable_semantics/ast/statement.h
index bf6e391e2e6d..b0540e74648e 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/ast/statement.h
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/statement.h
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/expression.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/pattern.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/ast/source_location.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/common/arena.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/ArrayRef.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@
 namespace Carbon {
 
 class FunctionDeclaration;
+class StaticScope;
 
 class Statement {
  public:
@@ -75,8 +77,12 @@ class Block : public Statement {
     return statements_;
   }
 
+  auto static_scope() const -> const StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+  auto static_scope() -> StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+
  private:
   std::vector<Nonnull<Statement*>> statements_;
+  StaticScope static_scope_;
 };
 
 class ExpressionStatement : public Statement {
@@ -293,9 +299,15 @@ class Match : public Statement {
     auto statement() const -> const Statement& { return *statement_; }
     auto statement() -> Statement& { return *statement_; }
 
+    // Contains names for the pattern and statement. Note that when the
+    // statement is a block, it gains its own scope.
+    auto static_scope() const -> const StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+    auto static_scope() -> StaticScope& { return static_scope_; }
+
    private:
     Nonnull<Pattern*> pattern_;
     Nonnull<Statement*> statement_;
+    StaticScope static_scope_;
   };
 
   Match(SourceLocation source_loc, Nonnull<Expression*> expression,
@@ -323,7 +335,7 @@ class Match : public Statement {
 //     __continuation <continuation_variable> {
 //       <body>
 //     }
-class Continuation : public Statement {
+class Continuation : public Statement, public NamedEntityInterface {
  public:
   Continuation(SourceLocation source_loc, std::string continuation_variable,
                Nonnull<Block*> body)
@@ -331,6 +343,14 @@ class Continuation : public Statement {
         continuation_variable_(std::move(continuation_variable)),
         body_(body) {}
 
+  auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind override {
+    return NamedEntityKind::Continuation;
+  }
+
+  auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation override {
+    return Statement::source_loc();
+  }
+
   static auto classof(const Statement* stmt) -> bool {
     return stmt->kind() == Kind::Continuation;
   }
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.cpp b/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..78e62121dd8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h"
+
+#include "executable_semantics/common/error.h"
+
+namespace Carbon {
+
+void StaticScope::Add(std::string name,
+                      Nonnull<const NamedEntityInterface*> entity) {
+  if (!declared_names_.insert({name, entity}).second) {
+    FATAL_COMPILATION_ERROR(entity->source_loc())
+        << "Duplicate name `" << name << "` also found at "
+        << declared_names_[name]->source_loc();
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace Carbon
diff --git a/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h b/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ce9bdc05e7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/ast/static_scope.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#ifndef EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_AST_STATIC_SCOPE_H_
+#define EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_AST_STATIC_SCOPE_H_
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/source_location.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/common/nonnull.h"
+
+namespace Carbon {
+
+class NamedEntityInterface {
+ public:
+  enum class NamedEntityKind {
+    // Includes variable definitions and matching contexts.
+    BindingPattern,
+    // Used by entries in choices.
+    ChoiceDeclarationAlternative,
+    // Used by continuations.
+    Continuation,
+    // Includes choices, classes, and functions. Variables are handled through
+    // BindingPattern.
+    Declaration,
+    // Used by functions.
+    GenericBinding,
+    // Used by entries in classes.
+    Member,
+  };
+
+  virtual ~NamedEntityInterface() = default;
+  // TODO: This is unused, but is intended for casts after lookup.
+  virtual auto named_entity_kind() const -> NamedEntityKind = 0;
+  virtual auto source_loc() const -> SourceLocation = 0;
+};
+
+// The set of declared names in a scope. This is not aware of child scopes, but
+// does include directions to parent or related scopes for lookup purposes.
+class StaticScope {
+ public:
+  void Add(std::string name, Nonnull<const NamedEntityInterface*> entity);
+
+ private:
+  // Maps locally declared names to their entities.
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, Nonnull<const NamedEntityInterface*>>
+      declared_names_;
+
+  // A list of scopes used for name lookup within this scope.
+  // TODO: This is unused, but is intended for name lookup cross-scope.
+  std::vector<Nonnull<StaticScope*>> parent_scopes_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace Carbon
+
+#endif  // EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_AST_STATIC_SCOPE_H_
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/BUILD b/executable_semantics/interpreter/BUILD
index bc29b83543b4..52bc69821248 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/interpreter/BUILD
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/BUILD
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ cc_library(
     deps = [
         ":interpreter",
         ":resolve_control_flow",
+        ":resolve_names",
         ":type_checker",
         "//executable_semantics/ast",
     ],
@@ -129,6 +130,17 @@ cc_library(
     ],
 )
 
+cc_library(
+    name = "resolve_names",
+    srcs = ["resolve_names.cpp"],
+    hdrs = ["resolve_names.h"],
+    deps = [
+        "//common:check",
+        "//executable_semantics/ast",
+        "@llvm-project//llvm:Support",
+    ],
+)
+
 cc_library(
     name = "stack",
     hdrs = ["stack.h"],
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/exec_program.cpp b/executable_semantics/interpreter/exec_program.cpp
index 6dd6ea228c24..ee5deb61aac4 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/interpreter/exec_program.cpp
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/exec_program.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "executable_semantics/common/arena.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/interpreter/interpreter.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_control_flow.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.h"
 #include "executable_semantics/interpreter/type_checker.h"
 
 namespace Carbon {
@@ -45,6 +46,9 @@ void ExecProgram(Nonnull<Arena*> arena, AST ast, bool trace) {
     }
     llvm::outs() << "********** type checking **********\n";
   }
+  // Although name resolution is currently done once, generic programming
+  // (particularly templates) may require more passes.
+  ResolveNames(arena, ast);
   ResolveControlFlow(ast);
   TypeChecker type_checker(arena, trace);
   TypeChecker::TypeCheckContext p = type_checker.TopLevel(&ast.declarations);
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/interpreter.cpp b/executable_semantics/interpreter/interpreter.cpp
index 6a58eb7ddde3..9ba4f21cc1ff 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/interpreter/interpreter.cpp
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/interpreter.cpp
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ void Interpreter::InitEnv(const Declaration& d, Env* env) {
       // Bring the deduced parameters into scope.
       for (const auto& deduced : func_def.deduced_parameters()) {
         AllocationId a =
-            heap_.AllocateValue(arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name));
-        new_env.Set(deduced.name, a);
+            heap_.AllocateValue(arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name()));
+        new_env.Set(deduced.name(), a);
       }
       Nonnull<const FunctionValue*> f = arena_->New<FunctionValue>(&func_def);
       AllocationId a = heap_.AllocateValue(f);
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.cpp b/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f5c59b69f11c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#include "executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.h"
+
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/declaration.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Casting.h"
+
+using llvm::cast;
+
+namespace Carbon {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Populates names for a pattern. See PopulateNamesInDeclaration for overall
+// flow.
+void PopulateNamesInPattern(const Pattern& pattern, StaticScope& static_scope) {
+  switch (pattern.kind()) {
+    case Pattern::Kind::AlternativePattern: {
+      const auto& alt = cast<AlternativePattern>(pattern);
+      PopulateNamesInPattern(alt.arguments(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Pattern::Kind::BindingPattern: {
+      const auto& binding = cast<BindingPattern>(pattern);
+      if (binding.name().has_value()) {
+        static_scope.Add(*binding.name(), &binding);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case Pattern::Kind::TuplePattern: {
+      const auto& tuple = cast<TuplePattern>(pattern);
+      for (auto* field : tuple.fields()) {
+        PopulateNamesInPattern(*field, static_scope);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case Pattern::Kind::AutoPattern:
+    case Pattern::Kind::ExpressionPattern:
+      // These don't add names.
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Populates names for a statement. See PopulateNamesInDeclaration for overall
+// flow.
+void PopulateNamesInStatement(Arena* arena,
+                              std::optional<Nonnull<Statement*>> opt_statement,
+                              StaticScope& static_scope) {
+  if (!opt_statement.has_value()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  Statement& statement = **opt_statement;
+  switch (statement.kind()) {
+    case Statement::Kind::Block: {
+      // Defines a new scope for names.
+      auto& block = cast<Block>(statement);
+      for (const auto& statement : block.statements()) {
+        PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, statement, block.static_scope());
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::Continuation: {
+      // Defines a new name and contains a block.
+      auto& cont = cast<Continuation>(statement);
+      static_scope.Add(cont.continuation_variable(), &cont);
+      PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, &cont.body(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::VariableDefinition: {
+      // Defines a new name.
+      const auto& var = cast<VariableDefinition>(statement);
+      PopulateNamesInPattern(var.pattern(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::If: {
+      // Contains blocks.
+      auto& if_stmt = cast<If>(statement);
+      PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, &if_stmt.then_block(), static_scope);
+      PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, if_stmt.else_block(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::While: {
+      // Contains a block.
+      auto& while_stmt = cast<While>(statement);
+      PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, &while_stmt.body(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::Match: {
+      // Contains blocks.
+      auto& match = cast<Match>(statement);
+      for (auto& clause : match.clauses()) {
+        PopulateNamesInPattern(clause.pattern(), clause.static_scope());
+        PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, &clause.statement(),
+                                 clause.static_scope());
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case Statement::Kind::Assign:
+    case Statement::Kind::Await:
+    case Statement::Kind::Break:
+    case Statement::Kind::Continue:
+    case Statement::Kind::ExpressionStatement:
+    case Statement::Kind::Return:
+    case Statement::Kind::Run:
+      // Neither contains names nor a scope.
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Populates names for a member. See PopulateNamesInDeclaration for overall
+// flow.
+void PopulateNamesInMember(Arena* arena, const Member& member,
+                           StaticScope& static_scope) {
+  switch (member.kind()) {
+    case Member::Kind::FieldMember: {
+      const auto& field = cast<FieldMember>(member);
+      if (field.binding().name().has_value()) {
+        static_scope.Add(*field.binding().name(), &member);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Populates declared names at scoped boundaries, such as file-level or
+// function bodies. This doesn't currently recurse into expressions, but
+// likely will in the future in order to resolve names in lambdas.
+void PopulateNamesInDeclaration(Arena* arena, Declaration& declaration,
+                                StaticScope& static_scope) {
+  switch (declaration.kind()) {
+    case Declaration::Kind::FunctionDeclaration: {
+      auto& func = cast<FunctionDeclaration>(declaration);
+      static_scope.Add(func.name(), &declaration);
+      for (const auto& param : func.deduced_parameters()) {
+        func.static_scope().Add(param.name(), &param);
+      }
+      PopulateNamesInPattern(func.param_pattern(), func.static_scope());
+      PopulateNamesInStatement(arena, func.body(), static_scope);
+      break;
+    }
+    case Declaration::Kind::ClassDeclaration: {
+      auto& class_def = cast<ClassDeclaration>(declaration).definition();
+      static_scope.Add(class_def.name(), &declaration);
+      for (auto* member : class_def.members()) {
+        PopulateNamesInMember(arena, *member, class_def.static_scope());
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case Declaration::Kind::ChoiceDeclaration: {
+      auto& choice = cast<ChoiceDeclaration>(declaration);
+      static_scope.Add(choice.name(), &declaration);
+      for (auto& alt : choice.alternatives()) {
+        choice.static_scope().Add(alt.name(), &alt);
+      }
+      // Populate name into declared_names.
+      // Init the choice's declared_names, and populate it with the
+      // alternatives.
+      break;
+    }
+    case Declaration::Kind::VariableDeclaration:
+      auto& var = cast<VariableDeclaration>(declaration);
+      if (var.binding().name().has_value()) {
+        static_scope.Add(*(var.binding().name()), &var.binding());
+      }
+      return;
+  }
+}
+
+// TODO: ResolveNames for Expression, Member, Pattern, and Statement will be
+// needed for recursion.
+
+// Recurses through a declaration to find and resolve IdentifierExpressions
+// using declared_names.
+void ResolveNamesInDeclaration(Declaration& declaration,
+                               const StaticScope& static_scope) {
+  switch (declaration.kind()) {
+    case Declaration::Kind::FunctionDeclaration:
+    case Declaration::Kind::ClassDeclaration:
+    case Declaration::Kind::ChoiceDeclaration:
+    case Declaration::Kind::VariableDeclaration:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void ResolveNames(Arena* arena, AST& ast) {
+  for (auto declaration : ast.declarations) {
+    PopulateNamesInDeclaration(arena, *declaration, ast.static_scope);
+  }
+  for (auto declaration : ast.declarations) {
+    ResolveNamesInDeclaration(*declaration, ast.static_scope);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace Carbon
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.h b/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4624bac39fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/resolve_names.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+#ifndef EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_INTERPRETER_RESOLVE_NAMES_H_
+#define EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_INTERPRETER_RESOLVE_NAMES_H_
+
+#include "executable_semantics/ast/ast.h"
+#include "executable_semantics/common/arena.h"
+
+namespace Carbon {
+
+// Resolves names (IdentifierExpressions) in the AST.
+void ResolveNames(Nonnull<Arena*>, AST& ast);
+
+}  // namespace Carbon
+
+#endif  // EXECUTABLE_SEMANTICS_INTERPRETER_RESOLVE_CONTROL_FLOW_H_
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/type_checker.cpp b/executable_semantics/interpreter/type_checker.cpp
index 31982275d956..634edde6290b 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/interpreter/type_checker.cpp
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/type_checker.cpp
@@ -666,10 +666,10 @@ auto TypeChecker::TypeCheckExp(Nonnull<Expression*> e, TypeEnv types,
             for (auto& deduced_param : fun_t.deduced()) {
               // TODO: change the following to a CHECK once the real checking
               // has been added to the type checking of function signatures.
-              if (!deduced_args.Get(deduced_param.name)) {
+              if (!deduced_args.Get(deduced_param.name())) {
                 FATAL_COMPILATION_ERROR(e->source_loc())
                     << "could not deduce type argument for type parameter "
-                    << deduced_param.name;
+                    << deduced_param.name();
               }
             }
             parameters = Substitute(deduced_args, parameters);
@@ -1035,9 +1035,9 @@ auto TypeChecker::TypeCheckFunDef(FunctionDeclaration* f, TypeEnv types,
   // Bring the deduced parameters into scope
   for (const auto& deduced : f->deduced_parameters()) {
     // auto t = interpreter_.InterpExp(values, deduced.type);
-    types.Set(deduced.name, arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name));
-    AllocationId a = interpreter_.AllocateValue(*types.Get(deduced.name));
-    values.Set(deduced.name, a);
+    types.Set(deduced.name(), arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name()));
+    AllocationId a = interpreter_.AllocateValue(*types.Get(deduced.name()));
+    values.Set(deduced.name(), a);
   }
   // Type check the parameter pattern
   auto param_res =
@@ -1076,9 +1076,9 @@ auto TypeChecker::TypeOfFunDef(TypeEnv types, Env values,
   // Bring the deduced parameters into scope
   for (const auto& deduced : fun_def->deduced_parameters()) {
     // auto t = interpreter_.InterpExp(values, deduced.type);
-    types.Set(deduced.name, arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name));
-    AllocationId a = interpreter_.AllocateValue(*types.Get(deduced.name));
-    values.Set(deduced.name, a);
+    types.Set(deduced.name(), arena_->New<VariableType>(deduced.name()));
+    AllocationId a = interpreter_.AllocateValue(*types.Get(deduced.name()));
+    values.Set(deduced.name(), a);
   }
   // Type check the parameter pattern
   TypeCheckPattern(&fun_def->param_pattern(), types, values, std::nullopt);
diff --git a/executable_semantics/interpreter/value.cpp b/executable_semantics/interpreter/value.cpp
index 6db59e849d73..b09cbe596632 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/interpreter/value.cpp
+++ b/executable_semantics/interpreter/value.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ void Value::Print(llvm::raw_ostream& out) const {
           if (i != 0) {
             out << ", ";
           }
-          out << deduced.name << ":! " << *deduced.type;
+          out << deduced.name() << ":! " << deduced.type();
           ++i;
         }
         out << "]";
diff --git a/executable_semantics/syntax/parser.ypp b/executable_semantics/syntax/parser.ypp
index 4bb7e6254228..01fefc7f4a67 100644
--- a/executable_semantics/syntax/parser.ypp
+++ b/executable_semantics/syntax/parser.ypp
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 %type <Nonnull<Block*>> block
 %type <std::vector<Nonnull<Statement*>>> statement_list
 %type <Nonnull<Expression*>> expression
-%type <GenericBinding> generic_binding
+%type <BisonWrap<GenericBinding>> generic_binding
 %type <std::vector<GenericBinding>> deduced_params
 %type <std::vector<GenericBinding>> deduced_param_list
 %type <Nonnull<Pattern*>> pattern
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ return_type:
 ;
 generic_binding:
   identifier COLON_BANG expression
-    { $$ = GenericBinding({.name = std::move($1), .type = $3}); }
+    { $$ = GenericBinding(context.source_loc(), std::move($1), $3); }
 ;
 deduced_param_list:
   // Empty
@@ -696,11 +696,12 @@ member_list:
 ;
 alternative:
   identifier tuple
-    { $$ = ChoiceDeclaration::Alternative($1, $2); }
+    { $$ = ChoiceDeclaration::Alternative(context.source_loc(), $1, $2); }
 | identifier
     {
       $$ = ChoiceDeclaration::Alternative(
-          $1, arena->New<TupleLiteral>(context.source_loc()));
+          context.source_loc(), $1,
+          arena->New<TupleLiteral>(context.source_loc()));
     }
 ;
 alternative_list:
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_block_duplicate.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_block_duplicate.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7a6a970d60a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_block_duplicate.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: not executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: not executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: COMPILATION ERROR: {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_block_duplicate.carbon:16: Duplicate name `x` also found at {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_block_duplicate.carbon:15
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  var x: i32 = 0;
+  var x: i32 = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_choice_duplicate.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_choice_duplicate.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3421fe6648a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_choice_duplicate.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: not executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: not executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: COMPILATION ERROR: {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_choice_duplicate.carbon:16: Duplicate name `None` also found at {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_choice_duplicate.carbon:15
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+choice Ints {
+  None,
+  None,
+}
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_class_duplicate.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_class_duplicate.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8b7fa0daff5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_class_duplicate.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: not executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: not executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: COMPILATION ERROR: {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_class_duplicate.carbon:16: Duplicate name `x` also found at {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_class_duplicate.carbon:15
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+class Foo {
+  var x: i32;
+  var x: i32;
+}
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_global_duplicate.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_global_duplicate.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..43d3953d92fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_global_duplicate.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: not executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: not executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: COMPILATION ERROR: {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_global_duplicate.carbon:15: Duplicate name `x` also found at {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_global_duplicate.carbon:14
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+var x: i32 = 0;
+var x: i32 = 0;
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_match_duplicate.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_match_duplicate.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..208b7607ffb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_match_duplicate.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: not executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: not executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: COMPILATION ERROR: {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_match_duplicate.carbon:17: Duplicate name `x` also found at {{.*}}/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/fail_match_duplicate.carbon:16
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  match (0) {
+    case x: i32 =>
+      var x: i32 = 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/global_shadow.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/global_shadow.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1cdfe4d794da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/global_shadow.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: result: 0
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+var x: i32 = 0;
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  var x: i32 = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/match_shadow.carbon b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/match_shadow.carbon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7ee6c157c1db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/executable_semantics/testdata/name_lookup/match_shadow.carbon
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
+// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+//
+// RUN: executable_semantics %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes=false %s
+// RUN: executable_semantics --trace %s 2>&1 | \
+// RUN:   FileCheck --match-full-lines --allow-unused-prefixes %s
+// AUTOUPDATE: executable_semantics %s
+// CHECK: result: 0
+
+package ExecutableSemanticsTest api;
+
+var x: i32 = 0;
+
+fn main() -> i32 {
+  match (0) {
+    case x: i32 => {
+      var x: i32 = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}